Hadoop部署的基础设施操作详解
目录
官网导读
基础设施
设置IP及主机名
关闭防火墙&selinux
设置hosts映射
时间同步
安装jdk
设置SSH免秘钥
结论
官网导读hadoop.apache.org/docs/r2.6.5…
支持最好的平台：GNU/Linux依赖的软件： Java™ must be installed. Recommended Java versions are described at HadoopJavaVersions.Hadoop基于Java开发，Java的移动性好ssh must be installed and sshd must be running to use the Hadoop scripts that manage remote Hadoop daemons.
部署模式： Local (Standalone) Mode 单机模式，主要用于debugPseudo-Distributed Mode 伪分布式，单节点多角色
Fully-Distributed Mode 完全分布式，多节点多角色
基础设施操作系统、环境、网络、必须软件
设置IP及主机名
关闭防火墙&selinux
设置hosts映射
时间同步
安装jdk
设置SSH免秘钥
设置IP及主机名可以正常联网查看IP
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.0.118 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.0.255
inet6 fe80::3db1:f589:4820:5457 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:18:10:17 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 462062 bytes 670399544 (639.3 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 166351 bytes 11096211 (10.5 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 84 bytes 13940 (13.6 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 84 bytes 13940 (13.6 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
virbr0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.122.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.122.255
ether 52:54:00:5a:69:e1 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
// 配置
DEVICE=eth0
#HWADDR=00:0C:29:42:15:C2
TYPE=Ethernet
ONBOOT=yes
NM_TROLLED=yes
BOOTPROTO=static
IPADDR=192.168.150.11
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.150.2
DNS1=223.5.5.5
DNS2=114.114.114.114
修改配置文件设置主机名
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network
// 设置主机名并保存退出
HOSTNAME=node01
关闭防火墙&selinux
//关闭防火墙
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
//关闭开机启动防火墙
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable firewalld.service
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/selinux/config
//将配置文件中的SELINUX设置为disabled
SELINUX=disabled
设置hosts映射
增加映射关系，因为在现在搭建环境的时候，一般会做解耦，不会再软件配置文件中写ip地址，主要使用主机名，就和dns解析一样，避免ip改变时要修改很多配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/hosts
// 增加映射关系
192.168.0.118 node01
192.168.0.119 node02
时间同步
所有节点时间需同步一致，不然未来做心跳的时候会有问题
[root@localhost ~]# date
Fri Dec 30 22:23:45 CST 2022
// 安装ntp
[root@localhost ~]# yum install ntp -y
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.163.com
* extras: mirrors.163.com
* updates: mirrors.163.com
Package ntp-4.2.6p5-29.el7.centos.2.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Nothing to do
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/ntp.conf
// 增加配置
server ntp1.aliyun.com
// 启动ntpd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start ntpd.service
// 配置开机启动ntpd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable ntpd.service
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/ntpd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/ntpd.service.
[root@localhost ~]#
安装jdk
设置环境变量的时候要记得设置两次，一次在安装jdk的时候设置，一次在搭建Hadoop的时候设置
去官网下载jdk，最好是rpm包，然后上传到服务器节点中（使用jdk压缩包解压安装需要做很多其他的配置）
这里使用过windows下载，通过scp命令上传到118节点中
F:\workspace\demo>scp C:\Users\43866\Downloads\jdk-8u351-linux-x64.rpm root@192.168.0.118:/usr/jdk
root@192.168.0.118's password:
jdk-8u351-linux-aarch64.rpm 100% 59MB 70.1MB/s 00:00
F:\workspace\demo>
在118节点中使用命令安装jdk
[root@node01 jdk]# rpm -i jdk-8u351-linux-x64.rpm
warning: jdk-8u351-linux-x64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID ec551f03: NOKEY
Unpacking JAR files...
tools.jar...
plugin.jar...
javaws.jar...
deploy.jar...
rt.jar...
jsse.jar...
charsets.jar...
localedata.jar...
[root@node01 jdk]#
设置JAVA_HOME环境变量
[root@node01 default]# vi /etc/profile
// 追加环境变量并保存文件
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/default
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
设置SSH免秘钥
想要使用Hadoop脚本就必须设置ssh免密
1、检查是否已设置ssh免密
[root@node01 default]# ssh localhost
The authenticity of host 'localhost (::1)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:rDsunaro1f5LyKkEeNohXfDD9oEglNXtviD/JZtA1dw.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:51:38:8d:fc:e4:d2:c7:ce:66:09:c8:f2:e6:9e:a7:f2.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added 'localhost' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@localhost's password:
通过ssh localhost命令检查发现需要输入密码，说明还未设置ssh免密，而且还可以自动生成.ssh文件，这个文件要创建的话比较麻烦
2、生成秘钥和公钥
如果118节点想免密登录到118节点（自己）：
118节点就要生成公钥和秘钥，且将公钥放到 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys中
[root@node01 .ssh]# ssh-keygen -t dsa -P '' -f ~/.ssh/id_dsa
Generating public/private dsa key pair.
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_dsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_dsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:GHhKB7GeoYYlNPWJpCZ+VoABUyIgDbdYrjjyAdgui1k root@node01
The key's randomart image is:
+---[DSA 1024]----+
|@BB+o. |
|=X=.++. |
|*o=.=++ |
|=B +.* o |
|B.Eo+ . S |
|oOo. |
|+ . |
| |
| |
+----[SHA256]-----+
[root@node01 .ssh]# cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
[root@node01 .ssh]#
[root@node01 .ssh]# ssh 192.168.0.118
Last login: Sat Dec 31 13:52:49 2022 from 192.168.0.117
[root@node01 ~]#
结论
119节点包含了118节点的公钥，118就可以免密登录
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