Spring实例化bean的四种方式详解

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更新时间:2024-11-10
· 1353 次阅读

目录

一、bean实例化——构造方法(常用)

二、bean实例化——静态工厂(了解)

三、bean实例化——实例工厂(了解)

四、bean实例化——FactoryBean(实用)

一、bean实例化——构造方法(常用)

bean本质上就是对象,创建bean使用构造方法完成

BookDao接口:

public interface BookDao { public void save(); }

BookDaoImpl实现类,利用构造方式提供可访问的构造方法,输出相应字符串:

import com.itheima.dao.BookDao; public class BookDaoImpl implements BookDao { public BookDaoImpl() { System.out.println("book dao constructor is running ...."); } public void save() { System.out.println("book dao save ..."); } }

AppForinstanceBook:

import com.itheima.dao.BookDao; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; public class AppForInstanceBook { public static void main(String[] args) { ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml"); BookDao bookDao = (BookDao) ctx.getBean("bookDao"); bookDao.save(); } }

applictionContext.xml配置:

<!--方式一:构造方法实例化bean--> <bean id="bookDao" class="com.itheima.dao.impl.BookDaoImpl"/>

执行结果:

 无参构造方法如果不存在,将抛出异常BeanCreationException

二、bean实例化——静态工厂(了解)

OrderDao接口:

public interface OrderDao { public void save(); }

OrderDaoImpl实现类:

import com.itheima.dao.OrderDao; public class OrderDaoImpl implements OrderDao { public void save() { System.out.println("order dao save ..."); } }

OrderDaoFactory静态工厂创建对象:

import com.itheima.dao.OrderDao; import com.itheima.dao.impl.OrderDaoImpl; //静态工厂创建对象 public class OrderDaoFactory { public static OrderDao getOrderDao(){ System.out.println("factory setup...."); return new OrderDaoImpl(); } }

AppForinstanceOrder:

import com.itheima.dao.OrderDao; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; public class AppForInstanceOrder { public static void main(String[] args) { ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml"); OrderDao orderDao = (OrderDao) ctx.getBean("orderDao"); orderDao.save(); } }

 applictionContext.xml配置:

<!--方式二:使用静态工厂实例化bean--> <bean id="orderDao" class="com.itheima.factory.OrderDaoFactory" factory-method="getOrderDao"/>

执行结果:

这种方式是为了兼容早期的遗留系统使用,了解即可。

三、bean实例化——实例工厂(了解)

UserDao接口:

public interface UserDao { public void save(); }

UserDaoImpl实现类:

import com.itheima.dao.UserDao; public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao { public void save() { System.out.println("user dao save ..."); } }

UserDaoFactory实例工厂创建对象:

import com.itheima.dao.UserDao; import com.itheima.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl; //实例工厂创建对象 public class UserDaoFactory { public UserDao getUserDao(){ return new UserDaoImpl(); } }

AppForInstanceUser:

import com.itheima.dao.UserDao; import com.itheima.factory.UserDaoFactory; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; public class AppForInstanceUser { public static void main(String[] args) { //创建实例工厂对象 UserDaoFactory userDaoFactory = new UserDaoFactory(); //通过实例工厂对象创建对象 UserDao userDao = userDaoFactory.getUserDao(); userDao.save(); } }

因为不是静态方法,必须用工厂对象对象调用。

也可用Spring方法,不过要在xml文件中进行修改。

AppForInstanceUser:

import com.itheima.dao.UserDao; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; public class AppForInstanceUser { public static void main(String[] args) { ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml"); UserDao userDao = (UserDao) ctx.getBean("userDao"); userDao.save(); } }

applictionContext.xml配置:

userFactory配合使用的,实际无意义

factory-method方法名不固定,每次都需要配置

<!--方式三:使用实例工厂实例化bean--> <bean id="userFactory" class="com.itheima.factory.UserDaoFactory"/> <bean id="userDao" factory-method="getUserDao" factory-bean="userFactory"/>

执行结果:

四、bean实例化——FactoryBean(实用)

UserDao接口和UserDaoImpl实现类和实例化三一样。

UserDaoFactoryBean,代替了原始实例化工厂中创建对象的方法:

import com.itheima.dao.UserDao; import com.itheima.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl; import org.springframework.beans.factory.FactoryBean; //FactoryBean创建对象 public class UserDaoFactoryBean implements FactoryBean<UserDao> { //代替原始实例工厂中创建对象的方法 public UserDao getObject() throws Exception { return new UserDaoImpl(); } public Class<?> getObjectType() { return UserDao.class; } }

AppForInstanceUser:

import com.itheima.dao.UserDao; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; public class AppForInstanceUser { public static void main(String[] args) { ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml"); UserDao userDao = (UserDao) ctx.getBean("userDao"); userDao.save(); } }

applictionContext.xml配置:

<!--方式四:使用FactoryBean实例化bean--> <bean id="userDao" class="com.itheima.factory.UserDaoFactoryBean"/>

执行结果:

对象默认单例,需要改非单例时

在UserDaoFactoryBean重写isSingleton方法,true为单例模式,false为非单例模式

通常为单例,这个方法通常不写

public boolean isSingleton() { return true; }

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