nginx proxy_pass反向代理配置中url后加不加/的区别介绍

Abina ·
更新时间:2024-11-10
· 847 次阅读

前言

nginx作为web服务器一个重要的功能就是反向代理。nginx反向代理的指令不需要新增额外的模块,默认自带proxy_pass指令,只需要修改配置文件就可以实现反向代理。

而在日常的web网站部署中,经常会用到nginx的proxy_pass反向代理,有一个配置需要弄清楚:配置proxy_pass时,当在后面的url加上了/,相当于是绝对根路径,则nginx不会把location中匹配的路径部分代理走;如果没有/,则会把匹配的路径部分也给代理走(这样配置可以参考这篇文章)。

下面举个小实例说明下:

centos7系统库中默认是没有nginx的rpm包的,所以我们自己需要先更新下rpm依赖库

1)使用yum安装nginx需要包括Nginx的库,安装Nginx的库

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -Uvh http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-7-0.el7.ngx.noarch.rpm

2)使用下面命令安装nginx

[root@localhost ~]# yum install nginx

3)nginx配置

[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/nginx/conf.d/ [root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf server { listen 80; server_name localhost; location / { root /var/www/html; index index.html; } } [root@localhost conf.d]# cat /var/www/html/index.html this is page of test!!!!

4)启动Nginx

[root@localhost ~]# service nginx start //或者使用 systemctl start nginx.service

5)测试访问(103.110.186.23是192.168.1.23机器的外网ip)

[root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23 this is page of test!!!!

看看下面几种情况:分别用http://192.168.1.23/proxy/index.html进行访问测试

为了方便测试,先在另一台机器192.168.1.5上部署一个8090端口的nginx,配置如下:

[root@bastion-IDC ~]# cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/haha.conf server { listen 8090; server_name localhost; location / { root /var/www/html; index index.html; } } [root@bastion-IDC ~]# cat /var/www/html/index.html this is 192.168.1.5 [root@bastion-IDC ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

测试访问(103.110.186.5是192.168.1.5的外网ip):

[root@bastion-IDC ~]# curl http://192.168.1.5:8090 this is 192.168.1.5


192.168.1.23作为nginx反向代理机器,nginx配置如下:

1)第一种情况:

[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf server { listen 80; server_name localhost; location / { root /var/www/html; index index.html; } location /proxy/ { proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090/; } }

这样,访问http://192.168.1.23/proxy/就会被代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/。p匹配的proxy目录不需要存在根目录/var/www/html里面

注意,终端里如果访问http://192.168.1.23/proxy(即后面不带"/"),则会访问失败!因为proxy_pass配置的url后面加了"/"

[root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy/ this is 192.168.1.5 [root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy <html> <head><title>301 Moved Permanently</title></head> <body bgcolor="white"> <center><h1>301 Moved Permanently</h1></center> <hr><center>nginx/1.10.3</center> </body> </html>

页面访问http://103.110.186.23/proxy的时候,会自动加上"/”(同理是由于proxy_pass配置的url后面加了"/"),并反代到http://103.110.186.5:8090的结果

2)第二种情况,proxy_pass配置的url后面不加"/"

[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf server { listen 80; server_name localhost; location / { root /var/www/html; index index.html; } location /proxy/ { proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090; } } [root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restart Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service

那么访问http://192.168.1.23/proxy或http://192.168.1.23/proxy/,都会失败!

这样配置后,访问http://192.168.1.23/proxy/就会被反向代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/proxy/


3)第三种情况

[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf server { listen 80; server_name localhost; location / { root /var/www/html; index index.html; } location /proxy/ { proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha/; } } [root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restart Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service [root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy/ 192.168.1.5 haha-index.html

这样配置的话,访问http://103.110.186.23/proxy代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha/

4)第四种情况:相对于第三种配置的url不加"/"

[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf server { listen 80; server_name localhost; location / { root /var/www/html; index index.html; } location /proxy/ { proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha; } } [root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restart Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service [root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy/index.html 192.168.1.5 hahaindex.html

上面配置后,访问http://192.168.1.23/proxy/index.html就会被代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/hahaindex.html
同理,访问http://192.168.1.23/proxy/test.html就会被代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/hahatest.html

[root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy/index.html 192.168.1.5 hahaindex.html

注意,这种情况下,不能直接访问http://192.168.1.23/proxy/,后面就算是默认的index.html文件也要跟上,否则访问失败!


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上面四种方式都是匹配的path路径后面加"/",下面说下path路径后面不带"/"的情况:

1)第一种情况,proxy_pass后面url带"/":

[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf server { listen 80; server_name localhost; location / { root /var/www/html; index index.html; } location /proxy { proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090/; } } [root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restart Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service


2)第二种情况,proxy_pass后面url不带"/"

[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf server { listen 80; server_name localhost; location / { root /var/www/html; index index.html; } location /proxy { proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090; } } [root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restart Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service [root@localhost conf.d]#

这样配置的话,访问http://103.110.186.23/proxy会自动加上"/”(即变成http://103.110.186.23/proxy/),代理到192.168.1.5:8090/proxy/

3)第三种情况

[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf server { listen 80; server_name localhost; location / { root /var/www/html; index index.html; } location /proxy { proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha/; } } [root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restart Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service

这样配置的话,访问http://103.110.186.23/proxy会自动加上"/”(即变成http://103.110.186.23/proxy/),代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha/

4)第四种情况:相对于第三种配置的url不加"/"

[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf server { listen 80; server_name localhost; location / { root /var/www/html; index index.html; } location /proxy { proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha; } } [root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restart Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service

这样配置的话,访问http://103.110.186.23/proxy,和第三种结果一样,同样被代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha/

总结

以上就是这篇文章的全部内容了,希望本文的内容对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值,如果有疑问大家可以留言交流,谢谢大家对软件开发网的支持。

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