探寻python多线程ctrl+c退出问题解决方案

Ipo ·

更新时间:2024-11-10

· 943 次阅读

场景：

经常会遇到下述问题：很多io busy的应用采取多线程的方式来解决，但这时候会发现python命令行不响应ctrl-c 了，而对应的java代码则没有问题：

代码如下:
public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        new Thread(new Runnable() {

            public void run() {
                long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
                while (true) {
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(1000);
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                    }
                    System.out.println(System.currentTimeMillis());
                    if (System.currentTimeMillis() - start > 1000 * 100) break;
                }
            }
        }).start();

    }
}
java Test

ctrl-c则会结束程序

而对应的python代码：

代码如下:
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import time
import threading
start=time.time()
def foreverLoop():
    start=time.time()
    while 1:
        time.sleep(1)
        print time.time()
        if time.time()-start>100:
            break

thread_=threading.Thread(target=foreverLoop)
#thread_.setDaemon(True)
thread_.start()

python p.py

后ctrl-c则完全不起作用了。

不成熟的分析：

首先单单设置 daemon 为 true 肯定不行，就不解释了。当daemon为 false 时，导入python线程库后实际上，threading会在主线程执行完毕后，检查是否有不是 daemon 的线程，有的化就wait，等待线程结束了，在主线程等待期间，所有发送到主线程的信号也会被阻测，可以在上述代码加入signal模块验证一下：

代码如下:
def sigint_handler(signum,frame):
    print "main-thread exit"
    sys.exit()
signal.signal(signal.SIGINT,sigint_handler)

在100秒内按下ctrl－c没有反应，只有当子线程结束后才会出现打印 "main-thread exit",可见 ctrl-c被阻测了

threading 中在主线程结束时进行的操作：

代码如下:
_shutdown = _MainThread()._exitfunc
def _exitfunc(self):
        self._Thread__stop()
        t = _pickSomeNonDaemonThread()
        if t:
            if __debug__:
                self._note("%s: waiting for other threads", self)
        while t:
            t.join()
            t = _pickSomeNonDaemonThread()
        if __debug__:
            self._note("%s: exiting", self)
        self._Thread__delete()

对所有的非daemon线程进行join等待，其中join中可自行察看源码，又调用了wait，同上文分析，主线程等待到了一把锁上。

不成熟的解决：

只能把线程设成daemon才能让主线程不等待，能够接受ctrl－c信号，但是又不能让子线程立即结束，那么只能采用传统的轮询方法了，采用sleep间歇省点cpu吧：

代码如下:
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import time,signal,traceback
import sys
import threading
start=time.time()
def foreverLoop():
    start=time.time()
    while 1:
        time.sleep(1)
        print time.time()
        if time.time()-start>5:
            break

thread_=threading.Thread(target=foreverLoop)
thread_.setDaemon(True)
thread_.start()

#主线程wait住了,不能接受信号了
#thread_.join()

def _exitCheckfunc():
    print "ok"
    try:
        while 1:
            alive=False
            if thread_.isAlive():
                alive=True
            if not alive:
                break
            time.sleep(1)
    #为了使得统计时间能够运行，要捕捉 KeyboardInterrupt :ctrl-c
    except KeyboardInterrupt, e:
        traceback.print_exc()
    print "consume time :",time.time()-start

threading._shutdown=_exitCheckfunc

缺点：轮询总会浪费点cpu资源，以及battery.

有更好的解决方案敬请提出。

ps1: 进程监控解决方案：

用另外一个进程来接受信号后杀掉执行任务进程，牛

代码如下:
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import time,signal,traceback,os
import sys
import threading
start=time.time()
def foreverLoop():
    start=time.time()
    while 1:
        time.sleep(1)
        print time.time()
        if time.time()-start>5:
            break

class Watcher:
    """this class solves two problems with multithreaded
    programs in Python, (1) a signal might be delivered
    to any thread (which is just a malfeature) and (2) if
    the thread that gets the signal is waiting, the signal
    is ignored (which is a bug).

    The watcher is a concurrent process (not thread) that
    waits for a signal and the process that contains the
    threads. See Appendix A of The Little Book of Semaphores.
    http://greenteapress.com/semaphores/

    I have only tested this on Linux. I would expect it to
    work on the Macintosh and not work on Windows.
    """

    def __init__(self):
        """ Creates a child thread, which returns. The parent
            thread waits for a KeyboardInterrupt and then kills
            the child thread.
        """
        self.child = os.fork()
        if self.child == 0:
            return
        else:
            self.watch()

    def watch(self):
        try:
            os.wait()
        except KeyboardInterrupt:
            # I put the capital B in KeyBoardInterrupt so I can
            # tell when the Watcher gets the SIGINT
            print 'KeyBoardInterrupt'
            self.kill()
        sys.exit()

    def kill(self):
        try:
            os.kill(self.child, signal.SIGKILL)
        except OSError: pass

Watcher()
thread_=threading.Thread(target=foreverLoop)
thread_.start()