Android 抽屉效果的导航菜单实现代码实例

Hanna ·

更新时间:2024-11-13

· 671 次阅读

看了很多应用，觉得这种侧滑的抽屉效果的菜单很好。

不用切换到另一个页面，也不用去按菜单的硬件按钮，直接在界面上一个按钮点击，菜单就滑出来，而且感觉能放很多东西。

关于实现，搜索了一下，有如下两种：

1.用SlidingDrawer：http://developer.android.com/reference/android/widget/SlidingDrawer.html

但是不知道为什么这个类官方不建议再继续用了：Deprecated since API level 17

2.用DrawerLayout：http://developer.android.com/reference/android/support/v4/widget/DrawerLayout.html

Guide在这里：http://developer.android.com/training/implementing-navigation/nav-drawer.html

库的引用

首先， DrawerLayout这个类是在Support Library里的，需要加上android-support-v4.jar这个包。

然后程序中用时在前面导入import android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout;

如果找不到这个类，首先用SDK Manager更新一下Android Support Library，然后在Android SDK\extras\android\support\v4路径下找到android-support-v4.jar，复制到项目的libs路径，将其Add to Build Path.

代码1

布局：


<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
  xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
  android:layout_width="match_parent"
  android:layout_height="match_parent" >
  <android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:id="@+id/drawer_layout"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent" >
    <!-- The main content view -->
    <!-- main content must be the first element of DrawerLayout because it will be drawn first and drawer must be on top of it -->
    <FrameLayout
      android:id="@+id/content_frame"
      android:layout_width="match_parent"
      android:layout_height="match_parent" />
    <!-- The navigation drawer -->
    <ListView
      android:id="@+id/left_drawer"
      android:layout_width="240dp"
      android:layout_height="match_parent"
      android:layout_gravity="left"
      android:background="#111"
      android:choiceMode="singleChoice"
      android:divider="@android:color/transparent"
      android:dividerHeight="0dp" />
  </android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout>
</RelativeLayout>

DrawerLayout的第一个子元素是主要内容，即抽屉没有打开时显示的布局。这里采用了一个FrameLayout，里面什么也没放。

DrawerLayout的第二个子元素是抽屉中的内容，即抽屉布局，这里采用了一个ListView。

主要的Activity（从官方实例中扒出来的）：


package com.example.hellodrawer;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.res.Configuration;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.AdapterView;
import android.widget.AdapterView.OnItemClickListener;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.support.v4.app.ActionBarDrawerToggle;
import android.support.v4.view.GravityCompat;
import android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout;
public class HelloDrawerActivity extends Activity
{
  private String[] mPlanetTitles;
  private DrawerLayout mDrawerLayout;
  private ActionBarDrawerToggle mDrawerToggle;
  private ListView mDrawerList;
  @Override
  public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
  {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_hello_drawer);
    mDrawerLayout = (DrawerLayout) findViewById(R.id.drawer_layout);
    // init the ListView and Adapter, nothing new
    initListView();
    // set a custom shadow that overlays the main content when the drawer
    // opens
    mDrawerLayout.setDrawerShadow(R.drawable.drawer_shadow,
        GravityCompat.START);
    mDrawerToggle = new ActionBarDrawerToggle(this, mDrawerLayout,
        R.drawable.ic_drawer, R.string.drawer_open,
        R.string.drawer_close)
    {
      /** Called when a drawer has settled in a completely closed state. */
      public void onDrawerClosed(View view)
      {
        invalidateOptionsMenu(); // creates call to
                      // onPrepareOptionsMenu()
      }
      /** Called when a drawer has settled in a completely open state. */
      public void onDrawerOpened(View drawerView)
      {
        invalidateOptionsMenu(); // creates call to
                      // onPrepareOptionsMenu()
      }
    };
    // Set the drawer toggle as the DrawerListener
    mDrawerLayout.setDrawerListener(mDrawerToggle);
    // enable ActionBar app icon to behave as action to toggle nav drawer
    getActionBar().setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled(true);
    // getActionBar().setHomeButtonEnabled(true);
    // Note: getActionBar() Added in API level 11
  }
  private void initListView()
  {
    mDrawerList = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.left_drawer);
    mPlanetTitles = getResources().getStringArray(R.array.planets_array);
    // Set the adapter for the list view
    mDrawerList.setAdapter(new ArrayAdapter<String>(this,
        R.layout.list_item, mPlanetTitles));
    // Set the list's click listener
    mDrawerList.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener()
    {
      @Override
      public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view,
          int position, long id)
      {
        // Highlight the selected item, update the title, and close the
        // drawer
        mDrawerList.setItemChecked(position, true);
        setTitle(mPlanetTitles[position]);
        mDrawerLayout.closeDrawer(mDrawerList);
      }
    });
  }
  @Override
  protected void onPostCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
  {
    super.onPostCreate(savedInstanceState);
    // Sync the toggle state after onRestoreInstanceState has occurred.
    mDrawerToggle.syncState();
  }
  @Override
  public void onConfigurationChanged(Configuration newConfig)
  {
    super.onConfigurationChanged(newConfig);
    mDrawerToggle.onConfigurationChanged(newConfig);
  }
  @Override
  public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item)
  {
    // Pass the event to ActionBarDrawerToggle, if it returns
    // true, then it has handled the app icon touch event
    if (mDrawerToggle.onOptionsItemSelected(item))
    {
      return true;
    }
    // Handle your other action bar items...
    return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
  }
}

比较纠结的是用了Level 11的一个API，这样minSdkVersion就有限制，不能太低。

图片资源Android官网示例处提供下载了。

程序运行后效果如下：

抽屉打开前：

抽屉打开后：

代码2

今天又看了一下DrawerLayout的类，发现有很多方法可以直接用的。

重新试了一下，其实不用上面那么麻烦，随便自己定义一个按钮控制抽屉的打开就行：

布局：


<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
  xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
  android:layout_width="match_parent"
  android:layout_height="match_parent"
  android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
  android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
  android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
  android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
  tools:context=".DrawerActivity" >
  <android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout
    android:id="@+id/drawer_layout"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent" >
    <!-- The main content view -->
    <FrameLayout
      android:id="@+id/content_frame"
      android:layout_width="match_parent"
      android:layout_height="match_parent" >
      <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="open" 
        />
    </FrameLayout>
    <!-- The navigation drawer -->
    <ListView
      android:id="@+id/left_drawer"
      android:layout_width="240dp"
      android:layout_height="match_parent"
      android:layout_gravity="start"
      android:background="#111"
      android:choiceMode="singleChoice"
      android:divider="@android:color/transparent"
      android:dividerHeight="0dp" />
  </android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout>
</RelativeLayout>

主要代码：


package com.example.hellodrawer;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout;
import android.view.Gravity;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
public class DrawerActivity extends Activity
{
  private DrawerLayout mDrawerLayout = null;
  @Override
  protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
  {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_drawer);
    mDrawerLayout = (DrawerLayout) findViewById(R.id.drawer_layout);
    Button button = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn);
    button.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener()
    {
      @Override
      public void onClick(View v)
      {
        // 按钮按下，将抽屉打开
        mDrawerLayout.openDrawer(Gravity.LEFT);
      }
    });
  }
}

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导航菜单菜单抽屉 Android

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