一个Python最简单的接口自动化框架
故事背景
读取一个Excel中的一条数据用例，请求接口，然后返回结果并反填到excel中。过程中会生成请求回来的文本，当然还会生成一个xml文件。具体的excel文件如下：
代码方案
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
from xml.dom import minidom
import xlrd
import openpyxl
import requests
import json
import sys
import HTMLParser
import os
import re
import codecs
import time
import datetime
reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding('utf-8')
class OptionExcelData(object):
"""对Excel进行操作，包括读取请求参数，和填写操作结果"""
def __init__(self, excelFile,excelPath=''):
self.excelFile = excelFile
self.excelPath = excelPath
self.caseList = []
"""
传入：传入用例Excel名称
返回：[],其中元素为{},每个{}包含行号、城市、国家和期望结果的键值对
"""
def getCaseList(self,excelFile,excelPath=''):
readExcel = xlrd.open_workbook(fileName) #读取指定的Excel
try:
table = readExcel.sheet_by_index(0) #获取Excel的第一个sheet
trows = table.nrows #获取Excel的行数
for n in range(1,trows):
tmpdict = {} #把一行记录写进一个{}
tmpdict['id'] = n #n是Excel中的第n行
tmpdict['CityName'] = table.cell(n,2).value
tmpdict['CountryName'] = table.cell(n,3).value
tmpdict['Rspect'] = table.cell(n,4).value
self.caseList.append(tmpdict)
except Exception, e:
raise
finally:
pass
return self.caseList
"""
传入：请求指定字段结果，是否通过，响应时间
返回：
"""
def writeCaseResult(self,resultBody,isSuccess,respTime,\
excelFile,theRow,theCol=5):
writeExcel = openpyxl.load_workbook(excelFile) #加载Excel，后续写操作
try:
wtable = writeExcel.get_sheet_by_name('Sheet1') #获取名为Sheet1的sheet
wtable.cell(row=theRow+1,column=theCol+1).value = resultBody #填写实际值
wtable.cell(row=theRow+1,column=theCol+2).value = isSuccess #填写是否通过
wtable.cell(row=theRow+1,column=theCol+3).value = respTime #填写响应时间
writeExcel.save(excelFile)
except Exception, e:
raise
finally:
pass
class GetWeather(object):
"""获取天气的http请求"""
def __init__(self, serviceUrl,requestBody,headers):
self.serviceUrl = serviceUrl
self.requestBody = requestBody
self.headers = headers
self.requestResult = {}
"""
传入：请求地址，请求体，请求头
返回：返回{}，包含响应时间和请求结果的键值对
"""
def getWeath(self,serviceUrl,requestBody,headers):
timebefore = time.time() #获取请求开始的时间，不太严禁
tmp = requests.post(serviceUrl,data=requestBody,\
headers=headers)
timeend = time.time() #获取请求结束的时间
tmptext = tmp.text
self.requestResult['text'] = tmptext #记录响应回来的内容
self.requestResult['time'] = round(timeend - timebefore,2) #计算响应时间
return self.requestResult
class XmlReader:
"""操作XML文件"""
def __init__(self,testFile,testFilePath=''):
self.fromXml = testFile
self.xmlFilePath = testFilePath
self.resultList = []
def writeXmlData(self,resultBody,testFile,testFilePath=''):
tmpXmlFile = codecs.open(testFile,'w','utf-16') #新建xml文件
tmpLogFile = codecs.open(testFile+'.log','w','utf-16') #新建log文件
tmp1 = re.compile(r'\<.*?\>') #生成正则表达式:<*?>
tmp2 = tmp1.sub('',resultBody['text']) #替换相应结果中的<*?>
html_parser = HTMLParser.HTMLParser()
xmlText = html_parser.unescape(tmp2) #转换html编码
try:
tmpXmlFile.writelines(xmlText.strip()) #去除空行并写入xml
tmpLogFile.writelines('time: '+\
str(resultBody['time'])+'\r\n') #把响应时间写入log
tmpLogFile.writelines('text: '+resultBody['text'].strip()) #把请求回来的文本写入log
except Exception, e:
raise
finally:
tmpXmlFile.close()
tmpLogFile.close()
"""返回一个list"""
def readXmlData(self,testFile,testFilePath=''):
tmpXmlFile = minidom.parse(testFile)
root = tmpXmlFile.documentElement
tmpValue = root.getElementsByTagName('Status')[0].\
childNodes[0].data
return tmpValue #获取特定字段并返回结果，此处选取Status
if __name__ == '__main__':
requesturl = 'http://www.webservicex.net/globalweather.asmx/GetWeather'
requestHeadrs = {"Content-Type":"application/x-www-form-urlencoded"}
fileName = u'用例内容.xlsx'
ed = OptionExcelData(fileName)
testCaseList = ed.getCaseList(ed.excelFile)
for caseDict in testCaseList:
caseId = caseDict['id']
cityName = caseDict['CityName']
countryName = caseDict['CountryName']
rspect = caseDict['Rspect']
requestBody = 'CityName='+cityName+'&CountryName='+countryName
getWeather = GetWeather(requesturl,requestBody,requestHeadrs)
#获取请求结果
tmpString = getWeather.getWeath(getWeather.serviceUrl,\
getWeather.requestBody,getWeather.headers)
xd = XmlReader(str(caseId) + '.xml')
#把请求内容写入xml和log
xd.writeXmlData(tmpString,xd.fromXml)
response = xd.readXmlData(str(caseId) + '.xml')
respTime = tmpString['time']
if response == rspect:
theResult = 'Pass'
else:
theResult = 'False'
ed.writeCaseResult(response,theResult,respTime,fileName,caseId)
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