前言
一、异步方法调用
1、导入依赖
2、创建异步执行任务线程池
3、创建业务层接口和实现类
二、测试定时任务
1.导入依赖
2.编写测试类,开启扫描定时任务
3.测试
三、实现定时发送邮件案例
1.邮箱开启IMAP服务
2.导入依赖
3.导入EmailUtil
4.编写邮件发送方法
5.开启异步和定时任务
总结
前言Quartz是一个完全由java编写的开源作业调度框架、它的简单易用受到业内人士的一致好评。本篇记录怎么用SpringBoot使用Quartz
一、异步方法调用由于多个任务同时执行时,默认为单线程,所以我们用异步方法调用,使其成为多线程执行
看一个案例
1、导入依赖 <dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
2、创建异步执行任务线程池
这里我们使用springboot自带的线程池
package com.lzl.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.AsyncConfigurer;
import org.springframework.scheduling.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
@Configuration
public class AsyncExcutorPoolConfig implements AsyncConfigurer {
@Bean("asyncExecutor")
@Override
public Executor getAsyncExecutor() {
//Spring自带的线程池(最常用)
ThreadPoolTaskExecutor taskExecutor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
//线程:IO密集型 和 CPU密集型
//线程设置参数
taskExecutor.setCorePoolSize(8);//核心线程数,根据电脑的核数
taskExecutor.setMaxPoolSize(16);//最大线程数一般为核心线程数的2倍
taskExecutor.setWaitForTasksToCompleteOnShutdown(true);//任务执行完成后关闭
return taskExecutor;
}
}
3、创建业务层接口和实现类注意注解不要少
package com.lzl.Service;
/**
* --效率,是成功的核心关键--
*
* @Author lzl
* @Date 2023/3/7 09:42
*/
public interface AsyncService {
void testAsync1();
void testAsync2();
}
package com.lzl.Service.impl;
import com.lzl.Service.AsyncService;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
/**
* --效率,是成功的核心关键--
*
* @Author lzl
* @Date 2023/3/7 09:43
*/
@Service
public class AsyncImpl implements AsyncService {
@Async
@Override
public void testAsync1() {
try {
Thread.sleep(3000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("精准是唯一重要的标准!");
}
@Async("asyncExecutor")//开启异步执行
@Override
public void testAsync2() {
try {
Thread.sleep(3000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("效率是成功的核心关键!");
}
}
4、创建业务层接口和实现类
package com.lzl.task;
import com.lzl.Service.AsyncService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
/**
* --效率,是成功的核心关键--
*
* @Author lzl
* @Date 2023/3/7 09:40
*/
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/login")
public class LoginController {
@Autowired
private AsyncService service;
@RequestMapping("/Async1")
public String testAsync1(){
service.testAsync1();
return "牛逼!";
}
@RequestMapping("/Async2")
public String testAsync2(){
service.testAsync2();
return "不牛逼!";
}
}
在启动类开启异步
整体目录结构如下:
测试:
运行项目,访问controller
访问controller时,页面直接出现返回值,控制台过了两秒打印文字,证明异步执行成功!
二、测试定时任务 1.导入依赖<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
2.编写测试类,开启扫描定时任务
package com.lzl.task;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Scheduled;
import java.util.Date;
/**
* --效率,是成功的核心关键--
*
* @Author lzl
* @Date 2023/3/7 10:42
*/
//任务类
@Configuration
public class Tasks {
@Async
@Scheduled(cron = "*/2 * * * * ?")
public void task1(){
System.out.println("效率"+new Date().toLocaleString());
}
@Async
@Scheduled(cron = "*/1 * * * * ?")
public void task2(){
System.out.println("精准"+new Date().toLocaleString());
}
}
3.测试
三、实现定时发送邮件案例
1.邮箱开启IMAP服务这里以QQ邮箱为例,这个功能类似于通过邮箱找回密码类似,需要我们进行授权码操作
登陆QQ邮箱,找到帐户,下拉
看到如下图:
我这里已经开启了,按照步骤操作,会有一个授权码,保存好下边步骤要用,此处不再演示
2.导入依赖<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- 邮箱 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-mail</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
3.导入EmailUtil
package com.lzl.utils;
import javax.mail.*;
import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.Random;
/**
* --效率,是成功的核心关键--
*
* @Author lzl
* @Date 2023/3/7 11:44
*/
public class EmailUtil {
private static final String USER = "@qq.com"; // 发件人邮箱地址
private static final String PASSWORD = ""; // qq邮箱的客户端授权码(需要发短信获取)
/**
* @param to 收件人邮箱地址
* @param text 邮件正文
* @param title 标题
*/
/* 发送验证信息的邮件 */
public static boolean sendMail(String to, String text, String title) {
try {
final Properties props = new Properties();
props.put("mail.smtp.auth", "true");
props.put("mail.smtp.host", "smtp.qq.com");
// 发件人的账号
props.put("mail.user", USER);
//发件人的密码
props.put("mail.password", PASSWORD);
// 构建授权信息,用于进行SMTP进行身份验证
Authenticator authenticator = new Authenticator() {
@Override
protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {
// 用户名、密码
String userName = props.getProperty("mail.user");
String password = props.getProperty("mail.password");
return new PasswordAuthentication(userName, password);
}
};
// 使用环境属性和授权信息,创建邮件会话
Session mailSession = Session.getInstance(props, authenticator);
// 创建邮件消息
MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(mailSession);
// 设置发件人
String username = props.getProperty("mail.user");
InternetAddress form = new InternetAddress(username);
message.setFrom(form);
// 设置收件人
InternetAddress toAddress = new InternetAddress(to);
message.setRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, toAddress);
// 设置邮件标题
message.setSubject(title);
// 设置邮件的内容体
message.setContent(text, "text/html;charset=UTF-8");
// 发送邮件
Transport.send(message);
return true;
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return false;
}
//随机生成num个数字验证码
public static String getValidateCode(int num) {
Random random = new Random();
String validateCode = "";
for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) {
//0 - 9 之间 随机生成 num 次
int result = random.nextInt(10);
validateCode += result;
}
return validateCode;
}
//测试
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//给指定邮箱发送邮件
EmailUtil.sendMail("729953102@qq.com", "你好,这是一封测试邮件,无需回复。", "测试邮件随机生成的验证码是:" + getValidateCode(6));
System.out.println("发送成功");
}
}
4.编写邮件发送方法
package com.lzl.task;
import com.lzl.utils.EmailUtil;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Scheduled;
/**
* --效率,是成功的核心关键--
*
* @Author lzl
* @Date 2023/3/7 11:45
*/
@Configuration
public class TaskEmail {
//指定时间进行发送邮件
@Scheduled(cron = "10 49 11 * * ?")
public void sendMail(){
EmailUtil.sendMail("自己的邮箱@qq.com", "效率,是成功的核心关键!", "测试邮件随机生成的验证码是:" + EmailUtil.getValidateCode(6));
}
}
5.开启异步和定时任务
package com.lzl;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableAsync;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableScheduling;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableAsync//开启异步
@EnableScheduling//开启定时任务
public class QuartzStudyApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(QuartzStudyApplication.class, args);
}
}
测试:
此处不再演示
定时任务在很多业务场景中经常会用到,好记性不如烂笔头,本篇只是简单的记录一下
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