Docker 网络命令详解

Serepta ·

更新时间:2024-11-15

· 884 次阅读

•docker network create
•docker network connect
•docker network ls
•docker network rm
•docker network disconnect
•docker network inspect

创建网络


zane@zane-V:~$ docker network create simple-network
zane@zane-V:~$ docker network inspect simple-network
 {
  "Name": "simple-network",
  "Id": "8bf58f43c56622d1100f7da9ef6506e45a4aa68556b586311f3756130c311d75",
  "Scope": "local",
  "Driver": "bridge",
  "EnableIPv6": false,
  "IPAM": {
   "Driver": "default",
   "Options": {},
   "Config": [
    {
     "Subnet": "172.20.0.0/16",
     "Gateway": "172.20.0.1/16"
    }
   ]
  },
  "Internal": false,
  "Containers": {},
  "Options": {},
  "Labels": {}
 }

•进入一个键值存储。引擎支持Consul,Etcd,ZooKeeper.
•在群集中的每个主机上正确配置的deamon引擎

支持overlay网络的docker选项：

•--cluster-store-opt

使用--subnet选项直接指定子网络，在bridge网络中只可以指定一个子网络，而在overlay网络中支持多个子网络。
除了--subnet,还可以指定：--gateway,--ip-range,--aux-address选项。


$ docker network create -d overlay \
--subnet=192.168.0.0/16 \
--subnet=192.170.0.0/16 \
--gateway=192.168.0.100 \
--gateway=192.170.0.100 \
--ip-range=192.168.1.0/24 \
--aux-address="my-switch=192.168.1.6" \
--aux-address="my-nas=192.170.1.6" \

如何要创建自己定制的网络，docker也是支持很多选项的。
可以指定网络的端口号：


$ docker run -d -P --name redis --network my-network redis
$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
bafb0c808c53 redis "/entrypoint.sh redis" 4 seconds ago Up 3 seconds 172.23.0.1:32770->6379/tcp redis

连接容器

可以连接已存在的容器到一个或者多个网络中。一个容器可以连接到多个不同网络驱动的网络中。
当连接一旦建立，容器便可以可其他的容器通讯，通过IP 或者容器名称。

基本容器网络实例：

1.创建两个容器,container1 和 container2


$ docker run -itd --name=container1 busybox
$ docker run -itd --name=container2 busybox
zane@zane-V:~$ docker network create -d bridge --subnet 172.25.0.0/16 isolated_nw

3.连接container2到这个网络，然后验证一下：


zane@zane-V:~$ docker network connect isolated_nw container2
zane@zane-V:~$ docker network inspect isolated_nw
 {
  "Name": "isolated_nw",
  "Id": "a8208641505d2d8fc37bf7cbd1027c01f0def461815786e076ef4ae65b7b2f9b",
  "Scope": "local",
  "Driver": "bridge",
  "EnableIPv6": false,
  "IPAM": {
   "Driver": "default",
   "Options": {},
   "Config": [
    {
     "Subnet": "172.25.0.0/16"
    }
   ]
  },
  "Internal": false,
  "Containers": {
   "e9bce535ae32945f5e43340facdb6c16c93d92119e85b61c6cb7a5379a0caf63": {
    "Name": "container2",
    "EndpointID": "ef7244d32484407c3ec4aa30b7bdb0a6cbe3dbbfedc03e5c856ad20a08af172f",
    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:19:00:02",
    "IPv4Address": "172.25.0.2/16",
    "IPv6Address": ""
   }
  },
  "Options": {},
  "Labels": {}
 }

注意container2，自动分配到了IP地址。此时container1,仍然连接在默认的bridge网络。

4.启动第三个container，但是这是使用--ip 选项指定它的IP地址，


zane@zane-V:~$ docker run --network=isolated_nw --ip=172.25.3.3 -itd --name=container3 busybox

5.检查container3使用的是哪个网络：


 "Networks": {
    "isolated_nw": {
     "IPAMConfig": {
      "IPv4Address": "172.25.3.3"
     },
     "Links": null,
     "Aliases": [
      "adf68dd9e09c"
     ],
     "NetworkID": "a8208641505d2d8fc37bf7cbd1027c01f0def461815786e076ef4ae65b7b2f9b",
     "EndpointID": "71d5d272d056b6111a83f0843a10d1944f1648f34d5099258d5865d053a939b0",
     "Gateway": "172.25.0.1",
     "IPAddress": "172.25.3.3",
     "IPPrefixLen": 16,
     "IPv6Gateway": "",
     "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
     "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
     "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:19:03:03"
    }
   }
  }

6.检查container2使用的是哪个网络：


"Networks": {
    "isolated_nw": {
     "Aliases": [
      "e9bce535ae32"
     ],
     "EndpointID": "ef7244d32484407c3ec4aa30b7bdb0a6cbe3dbbfedc03e5c856ad20a08af172f",
     "Gateway": "172.25.0.1",
     "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
     "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
     "IPAMConfig": {},
     "IPAddress": "172.25.0.2",
     "IPPrefixLen": 16,
     "IPv6Gateway": "",
     "Links": null,
     "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:19:00:02",
     "NetworkID": "a8208641505d2d8fc37bf7cbd1027c01f0def461815786e076ef4ae65b7b2f9b"
    }
   },

注意:container2 在两个网络中间，它加入了默认bridge网络，当你在创建它的时候，然后又连接它到了isolation_nw.

一个容器可以连接到多个网络中

7.使用docker attach 命令连接一个正在运行的容器，然后查看


zane@zane-V:~$ docker attach container2
/ # ifconfig -a
eth1  Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 02:42:AC:19:00:02 
   inet addr:172.25.0.2 Bcast:0.0.0.0 Mask:255.255.0.0
   inet6 addr: fe80::42:acff:fe19:2/64 Scope:Link
   UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
   RX packets:86 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
   TX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
   collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
   RX bytes:11780 (11.5 KiB) TX bytes:648 (648.0 B)
eth2  Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 02:42:AC:11:00:03 
   inet addr:172.17.0.3 Bcast:0.0.0.0 Mask:255.255.0.0
   inet6 addr: fe80::42:acff:fe11:3/64 Scope:Link
   UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
   RX packets:23 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
   TX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
   collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
   RX bytes:3809 (3.7 KiB) TX bytes:648 (648.0 B)
lo  Link encap:Local Loopback 
   inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
   inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
   UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
   RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
   TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
   collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
   RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

8.可以通过容器名称来相互连接


/ # ping -w 4 container3
PING container3 (172.25.3.3): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 172.25.3.3: seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.077 ms
64 bytes from 172.25.3.3: seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.049 ms
64 bytes from 172.25.3.3: seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.047 ms
64 bytes from 172.25.3.3: seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.054 ms

虽然container1 和 container2 都在bridge网络中，但是他们是不支持容器名称通信的。


zane@zane-V:~$ docker attach container2
/ # ping container3
PING container3 (172.25.3.3): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 172.25.3.3: seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.042 ms
64 bytes from 172.25.3.3: seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.050 ms
64 bytes from 172.25.3.3: seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.063 ms
--- container3 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 0.042/0.051/0.063 ms
/ # ping -w 4 container1
ping: bad address 'container1'
/ # ping -w 4 172.17.0.2
PING 172.17.0.2 (172.17.0.2): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 172.17.0.2: seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.104 ms
64 bytes from 172.17.0.2: seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.052 ms
64 bytes from 172.17.0.2: seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.127 ms
64 bytes from 172.17.0.2: seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.057 ms
--- 172.17.0.2 ping statistics ---
4 packets transmitted, 4 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 0.052/0.085/0.127 ms

注意退出attach 时，使用ctr-p + ctr-q.
如果使用ctr-d 则会stop container.


zane@zane-V:~$ docker attach container3
/ # ping -w 4 172.17.0.2
PING 172.17.0.2 (172.17.0.2): 56 data bytes
--- 172.17.0.2 ping statistics ---
4 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss

上面的实验我们知道，用户自定义的网络，是可以相互解析容器名的，也就是可以用容器名来相互同行。

•定义网络别名 •--link=CONTAINER-NAME:ALIAS

1.断开container2和isolated_nw的连接，然后


zane@zane-V:~$ docker network disconnect isolated_nw container2
zane@zane-V:~$ docker network rm simple-network

•创建网络 •docker network create simple-network

•overlay网络条件 •进入一个键值存储

•支持overlay网络的docker选项 •--cluser-store

•指定子网络，网关，地址范围

•将容器添加到网络中 •docker network connect isolated_nw container2

•连接一个正在运行的容器 •docker attach

•attach 的退出 •ctr p + ctr q

•默认bridge网络不支持，容器名称通信，其他网络支持； •使用link 来支持默认网络的容器名称通信

•断开连接

•docker network disconnect isolated_nw container2

•删除网络

•docker network rm simple-network

•检测网络

•docker network inspect isolated_nw

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网络命令 Docker

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