python matplotlib库绘制条形图练习题
练习一：假设你获取到了2017年内地电影票房前20的电影（列表a）和电影票房数据（列表b），那么如何更加直观的展示该数据？
a = ["战狼2","速度与激情8","功夫瑜伽","西游伏妖篇","变形金刚5：最后的骑士","摔跤吧！爸爸","加勒比海盗5：死无对证","金刚：骷髅岛","极限特工：终极回归","生化危机6：终章","乘风破浪","神偷奶爸3","智取威虎山","大闹天竺","金刚狼3：殊死一战","蜘蛛侠：英雄归来","悟空传","银河护卫队2","情圣","新木乃伊",]
b = [56.01,26.94,17.53,16.49,15.45,12.96,11.8,11.61,11.28,11.12,10.49,10.3,8.75,7.55,7.32,6.99,6.88,6.86,6.58,6.23]
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
import matplotlib
"""绘制条形图"""
font = {'family': 'MicroSoft YaHei'}
matplotlib.rc('font', **font) # 使支持中文
x = ["战狼2","速度与激情8","功夫瑜伽","西游伏妖篇","变形金刚5：最后的骑士","摔跤吧！爸爸","加勒比海盗5：死无对证","金刚：骷髅岛","极限特工：终极回归","生化危机6：终章","乘风破浪","神偷奶爸3","智取威虎山","大闹天竺","金刚狼3：殊死一战","蜘蛛侠：英雄归来","悟空传","银河护卫队2","情圣","新木乃伊",]
y = [56.01,26.94,17.53,16.49,15.45,12.96,11.8,11.61,11.28,11.12,10.49,10.3,8.75,7.55,7.32,6.99,6.88,6.86,6.58,6.23]
plt.figure(figsize=(20, 8), dpi=80) # 设置图形大小
# plt.bar(range(len(x)), y, width=0.3) # 绘制条形图，线条宽度
plt.barh(range(len(x)), y, height=0.3, color='orange') # 绘制横着的条形图,横着的用height控制线条宽度
# 设置字符串到x轴
plt.yticks(range(len(x)),x)
plt.grid(alpha=0.3) # 添加网格
plt.ylabel('电影名称')
plt.xlabel('票房')
plt.title('票房前20的电影')
plt.show()
效果图
练习二：假设知道了列表a中电影分别在2017-09-14(b_14)，2017-09-15(b_15)，2017-09-16(b_16)三天的票房，为了展示列表中电影本身的票房以及同其它电影的数据对比情况，应该如何更加直观的呈现数据？
a = ["猩球崛起3：终极之战","敦刻尔克","蜘蛛侠：英雄归来","战狼2"]
b_16 = [15746,312,4497,319]
b_15 = [12357,156,2045,168]
b_14 = [2358,399,2358,362]
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
import matplotlib
font = {'family': 'MicroSoft YaHei'}
matplotlib.rc('font', **font) # 使支持中文
a = ["猩球崛起3：终极之战","敦刻尔克","蜘蛛侠：英雄归来","战狼2"]
b_16 = [15746,312,4497,319]
b_15 = [12357,156,2045,168]
b_14 = [2358,399,2358,362]
bar_width = 0.2 # 绘制多个条形图，这里不能大于0.3
# 让后两个条形，向后移动一个bar_width
x_14 = list(range(len(a)))
x_15 = [i+bar_width for i in x_14]
x_16 = [i+2*bar_width for i in x_14]
plt.figure(figsize=(20, 8), dpi=80) # 设置图形大小
plt.xticks(x_15, a) # 设置x轴刻度
plt.bar(range(len(a)), b_14, width=bar_width, label='9月14日')
plt.bar(x_15, b_15, width=bar_width, label='9月15日')
plt.bar(x_16, b_16, width=bar_width, label='9月16日')
plt.legend() # 设置图例
plt.xlabel('电影名称')
plt.ylabel('票房/万')
plt.title('对比票房')
plt.savefig('./02.png')
plt.show()
效果图
