springboot整合消息队列RabbitMQ

Nafisa ·
更新时间:2024-11-14
· 12 次阅读

前言:

RabbitMQ常用的三种Exchange Type:fanout、direct、topic。

fanout:把所有发送到该Exchange的消息投递到所有与它绑定的队列中。

direct:把消息投递到那些binding key与routing key完全匹配的队列中。

topic:将消息路由到binding key与routing key模式匹配的队列中。

这里基于springboot整合​ ​消息队列​​,测试这三种Exchange。

启动RabbitMQ

双击运行rabbitmq-server.bat:

SpringBoot整合RabbitMQ——Direct模式(默认模式)

创建springboot web项目——发送者springboot-sender

追加测试和rabbitmq所需的依赖:

<!-- 添加springboot对amqp的支持 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId> </dependency> <!--添加测试包--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-test</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId> <version>5.0.9.RELEASE</version> </dependency>

修改配置文件application.yml  application.properties:

server: port: 7001 spring: application: name: spirngboot-sender rabbitmq: host: 127.0.0.1 port: 5672 username: guest password: guest

发送的信息可以是基本数据类型也可以是对象,这里创建一个用户对象

public class User implements Serializable{ private String username; private String password; public String getUsername() { return username; } public void setUsername(String username) { this.username = username; } public String getPassword() { return password; } public void setPassword(String password) { this.password = password; } }

创建一个配置类:SenderConfiguration.java

一个名为queue1的 队列

@Configuration public class SenderConfiguration { @Bean public Queue directQueue() { return new Queue("queue1"); } }

创建一个发送信息类:SenderService.java

发送user对象给queue1队列

@Component public class SenderService { @Autowired private AmqpTemplate template; public void sendUser() { User user=new User(); user.setUsername("张三"); user.setPassword("123456"); template.convertAndSend("queue1",user); } }

创建一个测试类:TestRabbitMQ.java

@SpringBootTest(classes=SpringbootSenderApplication.class) @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) public class TestRabbitMQ { @Autowired private SenderService senderService; @Test public void testRabbit() { senderService.sendUser(); } }

运行testRabbit方法:

创建springboot web项目——接收者springboot-receiver

修改配置文件application.yml  application.properties:

server: port: 7002 spring: application: name: spirngboot-receiver rabbitmq: host: 127.0.0.1 port: 5672 username: guest password: guest

添加接收类:ReceiverService.java

@Component public class ReceiverService { @RabbitListener(queues="queue1") public void receiveUser(User user) { System.out.println("username:"+user.getUsername()+" password:"+user.getPassword()); } }

运行启动类:SpringbootApplication.java,结果:

信息成功被接收。

SpringBoot整合RabbitMQ——Topic模式(模糊匹配)

步骤与Direct差不多。

发送者:

修改配置类SenderConfiguration.java:

创建两个队列 topic1,topic2,创建一个topic交换器,绑定交换机和队列以及绑定规则

@Test public void testRabbit() { senderService.sendUser(); }@Bean(name="topic1") public Queue topicQueue1() { return new Queue("topic1"); } @Bean(name="topic2") public Queue topicQueue2() { return new Queue("topic2"); } @Bean public TopicExchange exchange() { //创建一个topic交换器 return new TopicExchange("topicExchange"); } @Bean Binding bindingExchangeTopic1(@Qualifier("topic1") Queue queueMessage, TopicExchange exchange) { //设置topic1绑定规则 return BindingBuilder.bind(queueMessage).to(exchange).with("topic.queue"); } @Bean Binding bindingExchangeTopic2(@Qualifier("topic2") Queue queueMessages, TopicExchange exchange) { //设置topic2绑定规则 *表示一个词,#表示零个或多个词 return BindingBuilder.bind(queueMessages).to(exchange).with("topic.#"); }

修改发送类SenderService.java

User user=new User(); user.setUsername("张三"); user.setPassword("123456"); //发送给topicExchange的交换机 template.convertAndSend("topicExchange","topic.queue",user); template.convertAndSend("topicExchange","topic.anyting",user);

运行testRabbit方法:

成功广播出去两条信息

接收者:

修改接收类ReceiverService.java

@RabbitListener(queues="fanout1") public void receiveFanout1(User user) { System.out.println("队列:fanout1 username:"+user.getUsername()+" password:"+user.getPassword()); } @RabbitListener(queues="fanout2") public void receiveFanout2(User user) { System.out.println("队列:fanout2 username:"+user.getUsername()+" password:"+user.getPassword()); }

运行启动类,结果:

消息成功被发送接收

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