MERGE INTO table_name alias1
USING (table | view | sub_query) alias2
ON (join condition)
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE table_name SET col1 = col_val1, col2 = col2_val
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT (column_list) VALUES (column_values);
通过MERGE语句,根据一张表或子查询的连接条件对另外一张表进行查询
条件匹配的进行UPDATE,无法匹配的执行INSERT。
这个语法仅需要一次全表扫描就完成了全部工作,执行效率要高于INSERT+UPDATE。
举例:
需求:判断表中是否存在ID为666的数据,如果存在更新名字为Lily,如果不存在,插入一条Lily的数据。
merge into student a
using (select '666' as id from dual) s
on (a.id = s.id)
when matched then
update set a.name = 'Lily'
when not matched then
insert (id, name, class) values ('666', 'Lily', '1603');
需要注意的地方(一些坑):
1.如果using中的语句查询不出来数据,是不会执行insert方法的,因为这个语法是根据using 中的查询数据进行判断 例如这个语句是不会进行insert的
merge into student a
using (select id from student where id = '666') s
on (a.id = s.id )
when matched then
update set a.name = 'Lily'
when not matched then
insert (id, name, class) values ('666', 'Lily', '1603');
2. on 中的矫健要准确的过滤,不然可能会执行全表更新
如下这条语句会使得所有的student_name都改为Lily
merge into student a
using (select count(1) count, id from student group by id ) s
on (a.id = s.id and count> 0)
when matched then
update set a.name = 'Lily'
when not matched then
insert (id, name, class) values ('666', 'Lily', '1603')
或者这种,同上
merge into student a
using (select id from student where id='666') s
on (1>0)
when matched then
update set a.name = 'Lily'
when not matched then
insert (id, name, class) values ('666', 'Lily', '1603')
3.on中的条件和update中set的字段不能是同一个字段,否则会报错
下例中 on的条件和update中set的字段同为id,会导致报错
merge into student a
using (select '666' as id from dual) s
on (a.id = s.id)
when matched then
update set a.id = '666'
when not matched then
insert (id, name, class) values ('7', 'Lily', '1603');
4.using 中查询出来的数据不能有重复,否则会报错
作者:小小Java人