python使用pika库调用rabbitmq交换机模式详解

Bree ·
更新时间:2024-11-13
· 1178 次阅读

目录

1、交换机之发布订阅

2、交换机之关键字

3、交换机之通配符

前言:

交换机模式主要包括:交换机之发布订阅、交换机之关键字和交换机之通配符。

1、交换机之发布订阅

 发布订阅和简单的消息队列区别在于,发布订阅会将消息发送给所有的订阅者,而消息队列中的数据被消费一次便消失。所以,RabbitMQ实现发布和订阅时,会为每一个订阅者创建一个队列,而发布者发布消息时,会将消息放置在所有相关队列中。

生产者模式:

示例代码:

import pika # 1.连接rabbit connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('192.168.124.104')) channel = connection.channel() # 2.声明一个名为logs类型的fanout的交换机 channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs', exchange_type='fanout') # 发布订阅模式参数 # 3.向logs交换机中插入数据:"Hello world" message = 'info:Hello World!' channel.basic_publish(exchange='logs', routing_key='', body=message, properties=pika.BasicProperties( delivery_mode=2, # make message persistent ) ) print(" [x] Sent 'Hello World!'")

运行结果:

消费者模式:

示例代码:

import pika # 1.连接rabbit connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('192.168.124.104')) channel = connection.channel() # 2.声明一个名为logs类型的fanout的交换机 channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs', exchange_type='fanout') # 3.创建队列 result = channel.queue_declare("", exclusive=True) # 随机生成一个队列名 queue_name = result.method.queue print(queue_name) # 4.将指定队列绑定到交换机上 channel.queue_bind(exchange='logs', queue=queue_name) # 5.确定回调函数 def callback(ch, method, properties, body): print(" [x] Received %r" % body) ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag=method.delivery_tag) # 6.确定监听队列参数 channel.basic_consume(queue=queue_name, # 指定队列 auto_ack=False, # 手动应答方式 on_message_callback=callback) print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C') # 7.正式监听 channel.start_consuming()

运行结果:【将程序重复执行三次,三个消费者都收到了同样的消息】

2、交换机之关键字

生产者模式:

示例代码:  【将info分别改为warning、error运行】

import pika # 1.连接rabbit connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('192.168.124.104')) channel = connection.channel() # 2.声明一个名为logs类型的direct的交换机 channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs2', exchange_type='direct') # 发布订阅模式参数 # 3.向logs交换机中插入数据:"Hello world" message = 'info:Hello World!' channel.basic_publish(exchange='logs2', routing_key='info', # info信息 body=message, properties=pika.BasicProperties( delivery_mode=2, # make message persistent ) ) print(" [x] Sent 'Hello World!'")

运行结果:

消费者模式:

示例代码1:

import pika # 1.连接rabbit connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('192.168.124.104')) channel = connection.channel() # 2.声明一个名为logs类型的direct的交换机 channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs2', exchange_type='direct') # 3.创建队列 result = channel.queue_declare("", exclusive=True) # 随机生成一个队列名 queue_name = result.method.queue print(queue_name) # 4.将指定队列绑定到交换机上 channel.queue_bind(exchange='logs2', queue=queue_name, routing_key='info') channel.queue_bind(exchange='logs2', queue=queue_name, routing_key='waring') channel.queue_bind(exchange='logs2', queue=queue_name, routing_key='error') # # 使用for循环将指定队列绑定到交换机上 # for key in ['info', 'waring', 'error']: # channel.queue_bind(exchange='logs2', queue=queue_name, routing_key=key) # 5.确定回调函数 def callback(ch, method, properties, body): print(" [x] Received %r" % body) ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag=method.delivery_tag) # 6.确定监听队列参数 channel.basic_consume(queue=queue_name, # 指定队列 auto_ack=False, # 手动应答方式 on_message_callback=callback) print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C') # 7.正式监听 channel.start_consuming()

运行结果:

示例代码2:

import pika # 1.连接rabbit connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('192.168.124.104')) channel = connection.channel() # 2.声明一个名为logs类型的direct的交换机 channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs2', exchange_type='direct') # 3.创建队列 result = channel.queue_declare("", exclusive=True) # 随机生成一个队列名 queue_name = result.method.queue print(queue_name) # 4.将指定队列绑定到交换机上 channel.queue_bind(exchange='logs2', queue=queue_name, routing_key='info') # # 使用for循环将指定队列绑定到交换机上 # for key in ['info', 'waring', 'error']: # channel.queue_bind(exchange='logs2', queue=queue_name, routing_key=key) # 5.确定回调函数 def callback(ch, method, properties, body): print(" [x] Received %r" % body) ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag=method.delivery_tag) # 6.确定监听队列参数 channel.basic_consume(queue=queue_name, # 指定队列 auto_ack=False, # 手动应答方式 on_message_callback=callback) print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C') # 7.正式监听 channel.start_consuming()

运行结果:

示例代码3:

import pika # 1.连接rabbit connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('192.168.124.104')) channel = connection.channel() # 2.声明一个名为logs类型的direct的交换机 channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs2', exchange_type='direct') # 3.创建队列 result = channel.queue_declare("", exclusive=True) # 随机生成一个队列名 queue_name = result.method.queue print(queue_name) # 4.将指定队列绑定到交换机上 channel.queue_bind(exchange='logs2', queue=queue_name, routing_key='error') # # 使用for循环将指定队列绑定到交换机上 # for key in ['info', 'waring', 'error']: # channel.queue_bind(exchange='logs2', queue=queue_name, routing_key=key) # 5.确定回调函数 def callback(ch, method, properties, body): print(" [x] Received %r" % body) ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag=method.delivery_tag) # 6.确定监听队列参数 channel.basic_consume(queue=queue_name, # 指定队列 auto_ack=False, # 手动应答方式 on_message_callback=callback) print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C') # 7.正式监听 channel.start_consuming()

运行结果:

3、交换机之通配符

通配符交换机”与之前的路由模式相比,它将信息的传输类型的key更加细化,以“key1.key2.keyN....”的模式来指定信息传输的key的大类型和大类型下面的小类型,让消费者可以更加精细的确认自己想要获取的信息类型。而在消费者一段,不用精确的指定具体到哪一个大类型下的小类型的key,而是可以使用类似正则表达式(但与正则表达式规则完全不同)的通配符在指定一定范围或符合某一个字符串匹配规则的key,来获取想要的信息。

“通配符交换机”(Topic Exchange)将路由键和某模式进行匹配。此时队列需要绑定在一个模式上。符号“#”匹配一个或多个词,符号“*”仅匹配一个词。因此“audit.#”能够匹配到“audit.irs.corporate”,但是“audit.*”只会匹配到“audit.irs”。(这里与一般的正则表达式的“*”和“#”刚好相反,这里我们需要注意一下。)

生产者模式:

示例代码:  【分别将routing_key改为usa.news、news.usa和usa.weather执行一遍】

import pika # 1.连接rabbit connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('192.168.124.104')) channel = connection.channel() # 2.声明一个名为logs类型的topic的交换机 channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs3', exchange_type='topic') # 发布订阅模式参数 # 3.向logs交换机中插入数据:"Hello world" message = 'usa.news---------' channel.basic_publish(exchange='logs3', routing_key='usa.news', # usa.news body=message, properties=pika.BasicProperties( delivery_mode=2, # make message persistent ) ) print(" [x] Sent 'Hello World!'")

运行结果:

消费者模式:

示例代码1:

import pika # 1.连接rabbit connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('192.168.124.104')) channel = connection.channel() # 2.声明一个名为logs类型的topic的交换机 channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs3', exchange_type='topic') # 3.创建队列 result = channel.queue_declare("", exclusive=True) # 随机生成一个队列名 queue_name = result.method.queue print(queue_name) # 4.将指定队列绑定到交换机上 channel.queue_bind(exchange='logs3', queue=queue_name, routing_key='news.#') # # 使用for循环将指定队列绑定到交换机上 # for key in ['info.#', 'waring.#', 'error.#']: # channel.queue_bind(exchange='logs2', queue=queue_name, routing_key=key) # 5.确定回调函数 def callback(ch, method, properties, body): print(" [x] Received %r" % body) ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag=method.delivery_tag) # 6.确定监听队列参数 channel.basic_consume(queue=queue_name, # 指定队列 auto_ack=False, # 手动应答方式 on_message_callback=callback) print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C') # 7.正式监听 channel.start_consuming()

运行结果:

示例代码2:

import pika # 1.连接rabbit connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('192.168.124.104')) channel = connection.channel() # 2.声明一个名为logs类型的topic的交换机 channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs3', exchange_type='topic') # 3.创建队列 result = channel.queue_declare("", exclusive=True) # 随机生成一个队列名 queue_name = result.method.queue print(queue_name) # 4.将指定队列绑定到交换机上 channel.queue_bind(exchange='logs3', queue=queue_name, routing_key='#.news') # # 使用for循环将指定队列绑定到交换机上 # for key in ['info.#', 'waring.#', 'error.#']: # channel.queue_bind(exchange='logs2', queue=queue_name, routing_key=key) # 5.确定回调函数 def callback(ch, method, properties, body): print(" [x] Received %r" % body) ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag=method.delivery_tag) # 6.确定监听队列参数 channel.basic_consume(queue=queue_name, # 指定队列 auto_ack=False, # 手动应答方式 on_message_callback=callback) print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C') # 7.正式监听 channel.start_consuming()

运行结果:

示例代码3:

import pika # 1.连接rabbit connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('192.168.124.104')) channel = connection.channel() # 2.声明一个名为logs类型的topic的交换机 channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs3', exchange_type='topic') # 3.创建队列 result = channel.queue_declare("", exclusive=True) # 随机生成一个队列名 queue_name = result.method.queue print(queue_name) # 4.将指定队列绑定到交换机上 channel.queue_bind(exchange='logs3', queue=queue_name, routing_key='#.weather') # # 使用for循环将指定队列绑定到交换机上 # for key in ['info.#', 'waring.#', 'error.#']: # channel.queue_bind(exchange='logs2', queue=queue_name, routing_key=key) # 5.确定回调函数 def callback(ch, method, properties, body): print(" [x] Received %r" % body) ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag=method.delivery_tag) # 6.确定监听队列参数 channel.basic_consume(queue=queue_name, # 指定队列 auto_ack=False, # 手动应答方式 on_message_callback=callback) print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C') # 7.正式监听 channel.start_consuming()

运行结果:

到此这篇关于python使用pika库调用rabbitmq交换机模式详解的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关python rabbitmq交换机模式内容请搜索软件开发网以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持软件开发网!



rabbitmq Python

需要 登录 后方可回复, 如果你还没有账号请 注册新账号