保姆级python教程写个贪吃蛇大冒险
目录
导语
正文
总结
导语 
贪吃蛇，大家应该都玩过。当初第一次接触贪吃蛇的时候 ，还是我爸的数字手机，考试成绩比较好，就会得到一些小奖励，玩手机游戏肯定也在其中首位，毕竟小孩子天性都喜欢~
当时都能玩的不亦乐乎。今天，我们用Python编程一个贪吃蛇游戏哦~
1.将使用两个主要的类(蛇和立方体)。
#Snake Tutorial Python
import math
import random
import pygame
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import messagebox
class cube(object):
rows = 20
w = 500
def __init__(self,start,dirnx=1,dirny=0,color=(255,0,0)):
pass
def move(self, dirnx, dirny):
pass
def draw(self, surface, eyes=False):
pass
class snake(object):
def __init__(self, color, pos):
pass
def move(self):
pass
def reset(self, pos):
pass
def addCube(self):
pass
def draw(self, surface):
pass
def drawGrid(w, rows, surface):
pass
def redrawWindow(surface):
pass
def randomSnack(rows, item):
pass
def message_box(subject, content):
pass
def main():
pass
main()
2.创造游戏循环：
在所有的游戏中，我们都有一个叫做“主循环”或“游戏循环”的循环。该循环将持续运行，直到游戏退出。它主要负责检查事件，并基于这些事件调用函数和方法。
我们将在main()功能。在函数的顶部声明一些变量，然后进入while循环，这将代表我们的游戏循环。
def main():
global width, rows, s
width = 500 # Width of our screen
height = 500 # Height of our screen
rows = 20 # Amount of rows
win = pygame.display.set_mode((width, height)) # Creates our screen object
s = snake((255,0,0), (10,10)) # Creates a snake object which we will code later
clock = pygame.time.Clock() # creating a clock object
flag = True
# STARTING MAIN LOOP
while flag:
pygame.time.delay(50) # This will delay the game so it doesn't run too quickly
clock.tick(10) # Will ensure our game runs at 10 FPS
redrawWindow(win) # This will refresh our screen
3.更新屏幕：通常，在一个函数或方法中绘制所有对象是一种很好的做法。我们将使用重绘窗口函数来更新显示。我们在游戏循环中每一帧调用一次这个函数。稍后我们将向该函数添加更多内容。然而，现在我们将简单地绘制网格线。
def redrawWindow(surface):
surface.fill((0,0,0)) # Fills the screen with black
drawGrid(surface) # Will draw our grid lines
pygame.display.update() # Updates the screen
4.绘制网格：现在将绘制代表20x20网格的线条。
def drawGrid(w, rows, surface):
sizeBtwn = w // rows # Gives us the distance between the lines
x = 0 # Keeps track of the current x
y = 0 # Keeps track of the current y
for l in range(rows): # We will draw one vertical and one horizontal line each loop
x = x + sizeBtwn
y = y + sizeBtwn
pygame.draw.line(surface, (255,255,255), (x,0),(x,w))
pygame.draw.line(surface, (255,255,255), (0,y),(w,y))
5.现在当我们运行程序时，我们可以看到网格线被画出来。
6.开始制作贪吃蛇：蛇对象将包含一个代表蛇身体的立方体列表。我们将把这些立方体存储在一个名为body的列表中，它将是一个类变量。我们还将有一个名为turns的类变量。为了开始蛇类，对__init__()方法并添加类变量。
class snake(object):
body = []
turns = {}
def __init__(self, color, pos):
self.color = color
self.head = cube(pos) # The head will be the front of the snake
self.body.append(self.head) # We will add head (which is a cube object)
# to our body list
# These will represent the direction our snake is moving
self.dirnx = 0
self.dirny = 1
7.这款游戏最复杂的部分就是翻蛇。我们需要记住我们把我们的蛇转向了哪里和哪个方向，这样当头部后面的立方体到达那个位置时，我们也可以把它们转向。这就是为什么每当我们转向时，我们会将头部的位置添加到转向字典中，其中值是我们转向的方向。这样，当其他立方体到达这个位置时，我们就知道如何转动它们了。
class snake(object):
...
def move(self):
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
pygame.quit()
keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()
for key in keys:
if keys[pygame.K_LEFT]:
self.dirnx = -1
self.dirny = 0
self.turns[self.head.pos[:]] = [self.dirnx, self.dirny]
elif keys[pygame.K_RIGHT]:
self.dirnx = 1
self.dirny = 0
self.turns[self.head.pos[:]] = [self.dirnx, self.dirny]
elif keys[pygame.K_UP]:
self.dirnx = 0
self.dirny = -1
self.turns[self.head.pos[:]] = [self.dirnx, self.dirny]
elif keys[pygame.K_DOWN]:
self.dirnx = 0
self.dirny = 1
self.turns[self.head.pos[:]] = [self.dirnx, self.dirny]
for i, c in enumerate(self.body): # Loop through every cube in our body
p = c.pos[:] # This stores the cubes position on the grid
if p in self.turns: # If the cubes current position is one where we turned
turn = self.turns[p] # Get the direction we should turn
c.move(turn[0],turn[1]) # Move our cube in that direction
if i == len(self.body)-1: # If this is the last cube in our body remove the turn from the dict
self.turns.pop(p)
else: # If we are not turning the cube
# If the cube reaches the edge of the screen we will make it appear on the opposite side
if c.dirnx == -1 and c.pos[0] <= 0: c.pos = (c.rows-1, c.pos[1])
elif c.dirnx == 1 and c.pos[0] >= c.rows-1: c.pos = (0,c.pos[1])
elif c.dirny == 1 and c.pos[1] >= c.rows-1: c.pos = (c.pos[0], 0)
elif c.dirny == -1 and c.pos[1] <= 0: c.pos = (c.pos[0],c.rows-1)
else: c.move(c.dirnx,c.dirny) # If we haven't reached the edge just move in our current direction
8.画蛇：我们只需画出身体中的每个立方体对象。我们将在蛇身上做这个绘制()方法。
class snake(object):
...
def draw(self):
for i, c in enumerate(self.body):
if i == 0: # for the first cube in the list we want to draw eyes
c.draw(surface, True) # adding the true as an argument will tell us to draw eyes
else:
c.draw(surface) # otherwise we will just draw a cube
9.结束游戏当我们的蛇物体与自己碰撞时，我们就输了。为了检查这一点，我们在main()游戏循环中的功能。
for x in range(len(s.body)):
if s.body[x].pos in list(map(lambda z:z.pos,s.body[x+1:])): # This will check if any of the positions in our body list overlap
print('Score: ', len(s.body))
message_box('You Lost!', 'Play again...')
s.reset((10,10))
break
10.蛇类–重置()方法现在我们将对重置()方法。所有这些将会做的是重置蛇，这样我们可以在之后再次玩。
class snake():
...
def reset(self, pos):
self.head = cube(pos)
self.body = []
self.body.append(self.head)
self.turns = {}
self.dirnx = 0
self.dirny = 1
下面我们先看看效果：
好了🐍蛇蛇大作战就写完啦！
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