基于Python自制一个文件解压缩小工具
经常在办公的过程中会遇到各种各样的压缩文件处理，但是呢每个压缩软件支持的格式又是不同的。
没有可以一种可以同时多种格式的并且免费的文件解压缩工具，于是我使用python的PyQt5开发出这个文件解压缩的小工具。
接下来，我们将开发过程中需要的python非标准库以及代码块做一个简单的介绍，有兴趣的小伙伴可以停下脚步一起来看看。
一般在windows的操作系统下文件解压缩的格式就是7z/zip/rar这三种，首先我们需要安装一下PyQt5以及需要文件解压缩处理的模块。
这里我们直接使用的是pip的安装方式进行安装，我的pip默认配置的是全局的清华大学镜像站。
pip install PyQt5
pip install py7zr
pip install rarfile
然后，在开始之前我们将需要的python标准或非标准模块全部导入代码块中准备进入下面的开发环节。
# Importing all the classes from the PyQt5.QtGui module.
from PyQt5.QtGui import *
# Importing all the classes from the PyQt5.QtWidgets module.
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
# Importing all the classes from the PyQt5.QtCore module.
from PyQt5.QtCore import *
# `import os` is importing the os module.
import os
# `import sys` is importing the sys module.
import sys
# `import zipfile as zip` is importing the zipfile module as zip.
import zipfile as zip
# `import py7zr` is importing the py7zr module.
import py7zr
# `import rarfile as rar` is importing the rarfile module as rar.
import rarfile as rar
# Importing the traceback module.
import traceback
import images
至此，我们开发需要使用到的python模块就全部导入进来了，这里说明一下我们使用到的英文注释是通过pycharm的AI插件直接生成的。
首先，创建一个名称为CompressUI的python类，将所有的UI页面组件及布局全部放在这个类中进行开发。
以及包括UI页面组件关联的槽函数也放在这个类中，也就是在CompressUI类中我们只处理页面操作相关的部分不做具体逻辑的实现。
class CompressUI(QWidget):
def __init__(self):
super(CompressUI, self).__init__()
self.init_ui()
def init_ui(self):
self.setWindowTitle('文件解压缩处理工具 公众号：Python 集中营')
self.setWindowIcon(QIcon(':/analysis.ico'))
self.resize(600, 400)
self.compress_file_type = QLabel()
self.compress_file_type.setText('解压缩文件类型：')
self.compress_file_type_combox = QComboBox()
self.compress_file_type_combox.addItems(['7z格式', 'zip格式', 'rar格式'])
self.file_catch_type = QLabel()
self.file_catch_type.setText('文件处理方式：')
self.file_catch_type_combox = QComboBox()
self.file_catch_type_combox.addItems(['压缩', '解压缩'])
self.source_dir_or_file = QLineEdit()
self.source_dir_or_file.setPlaceholderText('来源目录或文件路径...')
self.source_dir_or_file_btn = QPushButton()
self.source_dir_or_file_btn.setText('加载来源目录或文件')
self.source_dir_or_file_btn.clicked.connect(self.source_dir_or_file_btn_clk)
self.target_dir_or_file = QLineEdit()
self.target_dir_or_file.setPlaceholderText('目标目录路径...')
self.target_dir_or_file_btn = QPushButton()
self.target_dir_or_file_btn.setText('选择目标路径')
self.target_dir_or_file_btn.clicked.connect(self.target_dir_or_file_btn_clk)
self.start_btn = QPushButton()
self.start_btn.setText('开始执行文件压缩或解压缩处理')
self.start_btn.clicked.connect(self.start_btn_clk)
self.brower = QTextBrowser()
self.brower.setReadOnly(True)
self.brower.setFont(QFont('宋体', 8))
self.brower.setPlaceholderText('日志处理过程区域...')
self.brower.ensureCursorVisible()
grid = QGridLayout()
grid.addWidget(self.compress_file_type, 0, 0, 1, 2)
grid.addWidget(self.compress_file_type_combox, 0, 2, 1, 1)
grid.addWidget(self.file_catch_type, 1, 0, 1, 2)
grid.addWidget(self.file_catch_type_combox, 1, 2, 1, 1)
grid.addWidget(self.source_dir_or_file, 2, 0, 1, 2)
grid.addWidget(self.source_dir_or_file_btn, 2, 2, 1, 1)
grid.addWidget(self.target_dir_or_file, 3, 0, 1, 2)
grid.addWidget(self.target_dir_or_file_btn, 3, 2, 1, 1)
grid.addWidget(self.start_btn, 4, 0, 1, 3)
grid.addWidget(self.brower, 5, 0, 1, 3)
self.thread_ = WorkThread(self)
self.thread_.message.connect(self.show_message)
self.thread_.finished.connect(self.thread_is_finished)
self.setLayout(grid)
def show_message(self, text):
cursor = self.brower.textCursor()
cursor.movePosition(QTextCursor.End)
self.brower.append(text)
self.brower.setTextCursor(cursor)
self.brower.ensureCursorVisible()
def target_dir_or_file_btn_clk(self):
target_dir_or_file_path = QFileDialog.getExistingDirectory(self, '选择文件夹', os.getcwd())
self.target_dir_or_file.setText(target_dir_or_file_path)
def source_dir_or_file_btn_clk(self):
file_catch_type = self.file_catch_type_combox.currentText()
if file_catch_type == '压缩':
source_dir_or_file_path = QFileDialog.getExistingDirectory(self, '选择文件夹', os.getcwd())
self.source_dir_or_file.setText(source_dir_or_file_path)
else:
source_dir_or_file_path = QFileDialog.getOpenFileName(self, "选取文件", os.getcwd(),
"RAR File (*.rar);;ZIP File (*.zip);;7z File (*.7z)")
self.source_dir_or_file.setText(source_dir_or_file_path[0])
def start_btn_clk(self):
self.start_btn.setEnabled(False)
self.thread_.start()
def thread_is_finished(self, text):
if text is True:
self.start_btn.setEnabled(True)
以上就是整个UI页面组件/布局以及组件对应的槽函数的的开发过程了，有需要的小伙伴可以仔细研究一下。
接下来进入具体业务的开发环节，我们创建一个名称为WorkThread的python类，该类继承自QThread的子线程。
并且在子线程中可以接收主线程的变量参数，以及向主线程中传递信息的操作。将子线程执行的过程信息实时传递到主线程的文本浏览器中。
class WorkThread(QThread):
message = pyqtSignal(str)
finished = pyqtSignal(bool)
def __init__(self, parent=None):
super(WorkThread, self).__init__(parent)
self.parent = parent
self.working = True
def __del__(self):
self.working = False
def run(self):
try:
compress_file_type = self.parent.compress_file_type_combox.currentText()
file_catch_type = self.parent.file_catch_type_combox.currentText()
source_dir_or_file = self.parent.source_dir_or_file.text().strip()
target_dir_or_file = self.parent.target_dir_or_file.text().strip()
if source_dir_or_file == '' or target_dir_or_file == '':
self.message.emit('来源或目标文件路径为空，请检查参数设置！')
return
if file_catch_type == '压缩' and os.path.isfile(source_dir_or_file):
self.message.emit('当处理类型为：压缩，来源类型应该选择文件夹，请按顺序设置参数！')
return
if file_catch_type == '解压缩' and os.path.isdir(source_dir_or_file):
self.message.emit('当处理类型为：解压缩，来源类型应该选择文件，请按顺序设置参数！')
return
self.message.emit('准备处理的格式类星星为：{}'.format(compress_file_type))
self.message.emit('准备处理的处理类型为：{}'.format(file_catch_type))
self.message.emit('来源文件或目录的路径为：{}'.format(source_dir_or_file))
self.message.emit('目标目录的路径为：{}'.format(target_dir_or_file))
if compress_file_type == 'zip格式':
if file_catch_type == '压缩':
self.do_zip(source_dir_or_file, target_dir_or_file)
else:
self.un_zip(source_dir_or_file, target_dir_or_file)
elif compress_file_type == 'rar格式':
if file_catch_type == '压缩':
self.message.emit('rar格式的文件压缩正在玩命开发中，请关注后续版本更新！')
else:
self.un_rar(source_dir_or_file, target_dir_or_file)
elif compress_file_type == '7z格式':
if file_catch_type == '压缩':
self.do_7z(source_dir_or_file, target_dir_or_file)
else:
self.un_7z(source_dir_or_file, target_dir_or_file)
self.message.emit('当前处理过程：{}完成！'.format(file_catch_type))
self.finished.emit(True)
except:
traceback.print_exc()
self.finished.emit(True)
def do_zip(self, source_, target_file):
"""
If the user selects the "压缩" option, then the user can select a directory, and the path of the directory will be
displayed in the text box
"""
zip_file = zip.ZipFile(target_file, 'w')
pre_len = len(os.path.dirname(source_))
for parent, dirnames, filenames in os.walk(source_):
for filename in filenames:
print(f'{filename}')
path_file = os.path.join(parent, filename)
arcname = path_file[pre_len:].strip(os.path.sep)
zip_file.write(path_file, arcname)
zip_file.close()
def un_zip(self, source_file, target_):
"""
> Unzip a file to a target directory
:param source_file: The file you want to unzip
:param target_: the directory where you want to unzip the file
"""
zip_file = zip.ZipFile(source_file)
if os.path.isdir(target_):
pass
else:
os.mkdir(target_)
for names in zip_file.namelist():
zip_file.extract(names, target_)
zip_file.close()
def do_7z(self, source_, target_file):
"""
> This function takes a source file and a target file and compresses the source file into the target file using 7z
:param source_: The source file or directory to be compressed
:param target_file: The name of the file to be created
"""
with py7zr.SevenZipFile(target_file, 'r') as file:
file.extractall(path=source_)
def un_7z(self, source_file, target_):
"""
It takes a source directory and a target file, and creates a zip file containing the contents of the source
directory
:param source_: The path to the folder you want to zip
:param target_file: The path to the zip file you want to create
"""
with py7zr.SevenZipFile(source_file, 'w') as file:
file.writeall(target_)
def un_rar(self, source_file, target_):
"""
It takes a source file and a target directory and unzips the source file into the target directory
:param source_file: The path to the RAR file you want to extract
:param target_: The directory where you want the files to be extracted to
"""
obj_ = rar.RarFile(source_file.decode('utf-8'))
obj_.extractall(target_.decode('utf-8'))
最后，使用python模块的主函数main，将整个应用加入到主体循环过程中就可以启动整个桌面应用了。
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
main = CompressUI()
main.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
完成上述的开发工作之后，我们可以选择使用常用的pyinstaller打包模块对整个应用进行打包操作，打包细节可以参考我的历史文章中的说明！
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