你需要掌握的20个Python常用技巧
目录
1.字符串反转
2.每个单词的第一个字母大写
3.字符串查找唯一元素
4.重复打印字符串和列表n次
5.列表生成
6.变量交换
7.字符串拆分为子字符串列表
8.多个字符串组合为一个字符串
9.检测字符串是否为回文
10.统计列表中元素的次数
11.判断两个字符串是否为Anagrams
12.使用try-except-else-block模块
13.使用枚举函数得到key/value对
14.检查对象的内存使用情况
15.合并字典
16.计算执行一段代码所花费的时间
17.列表展开
18.列表采样
19.数字化
20.检查列表元素的唯一性
Python的可读性和简单性是其广受欢迎的两大原因，本文介绍20个常用的Python技巧来提高代码的可读性，并能帮助你节省大量时间，下面的技巧将在你的日常编码练习中非常实用。
1.字符串反转使用Python切片反转字符串：
# Reversing a string using slicing
my_string = "ABCDE"
reversed_string = my_string[::-1]
print(reversed_string)
# Output
# EDCBA
2.每个单词的第一个字母大写
使用title函数方法：
my_string = "my name is chaitanya baweja"
# using the title() function of string class
new_string = my_string.title()
print(new_string)
# Output
# My Name Is Chaitanya Baweja
3. 字符串查找唯一元素
使用集合的概念查找字符串的唯一元素:
my_string = "aavvccccddddeee"
# converting the string to a set
temp_set = set(my_string)
# stitching set into a string using join
new_string = ''.join(temp_set)
print(new_string)
# output
# cdvae
4.重复打印字符串和列表n次
你可以使用乘法符号（*）打印字符串或列表多次：
n = 3 # number of repetitions
my_string = "abcd"
my_list = [1,2,3]
print(my_string*n)
# abcdabcdabcd
print(my_list*n)
# [1,2,3,1,2,3,1,2,3]
5.列表生成
# Multiplying each element in a list by 2
original_list = [1,2,3,4]
new_list = [2*x for x in original_list]
print(new_list)
# [2,4,6,8]
6.变量交换
a = 1
b = 2
a, b = b, a
print(a) # 2
print(b) # 1
7.字符串拆分为子字符串列表
使用.split()函数：
string_1 = "My name is Chaitanya Baweja"
string_2 = "sample/ string 2"
# default separator ' '
print(string_1.split())
# ['My', 'name', 'is', 'Chaitanya', 'Baweja']
# defining separator as '/'
print(string_2.split('/'))
# ['sample', ' string 2']
8.多个字符串组合为一个字符串
list_of_strings = ['My', 'name', 'is', 'Chaitanya', 'Baweja']
# Using join with the comma separator
print(','.join(list_of_strings))
# Output
# My,name,is,Chaitanya,Baweja
9.检测字符串是否为回文
my_string = "abcba"
if my_string == my_string[::-1]:
print("palindrome")
else:
print("not palindrome")
# Output
# palindrome
10. 统计列表中元素的次数
# finding frequency of each element in a list
from collections import Counter
my_list = ['a','a','b','b','b','c','d','d','d','d','d']
count = Counter(my_list) # defining a counter object
print(count) # Of all elements
# Counter({'d': 5, 'b': 3, 'a': 2, 'c': 1})
print(count['b']) # of individual element
# 3
print(count.most_common(1)) # most frequent element
# [('d', 5)]
11.判断两个字符串是否为Anagrams
Anagrams的含义为两个单词中，每个英文单词（不含大小写）出现的次数相同，使用Counter类判断两个字符串是否为Anagrams。
from collections import Counter
str_1, str_2, str_3 = "acbde", "abced", "abcda"
cnt_1, cnt_2, cnt_3 = Counter(str_1), Counter(str_2), Counter(str_3)
if cnt_1 == cnt_2:
print('1 and 2 anagram')
if cnt_1 == cnt_3:
print('1 and 3 anagram')
# output
# 1 and 2 anagram
12. 使用try-except-else-block模块
except获取异常处理：
a, b = 1,0
try:
print(a/b)
# exception raised when b is 0
except ZeroDivisionError:
print("division by zero")
else:
print("no exceptions raised")
finally:
print("Run this always")
# output
# division by zero
# Run this always
13. 使用枚举函数得到key/value对
my_list = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e']
for index, value in enumerate(my_list):
print('{0}: {1}'.format(index, value))
# 0: a
# 1: b
# 2: c
# 3: d
# 4: e
14.检查对象的内存使用情况
import sys
num = 21
print(sys.getsizeof(num))
# In Python 2, 24
# In Python 3, 28
15.合并字典
dict_1 = {'apple': 9, 'banana': 6}
dict_2 = {'banana': 4, 'orange': 8}
combined_dict = {**dict_1, **dict_2}
print(combined_dict)
# Output
# {'apple': 9, 'banana': 4, 'orange': 8}
16.计算执行一段代码所花费的时间
使用time类计算运行一段代码所花费的时间：
import time
start_time = time.time()
# Code to check follows
for i in range(10**5):
a, b = 1,2
c = a+ b
# Code to check ends
end_time = time.time()
time_taken_in_micro = (end_time- start_time)*(10**6)
print(time_taken_in_micro)
# output
# 18770.217895507812
17. 列表展开
from iteration_utilities import deepflatten
# if you only have one depth nested_list, use this
def flatten(l):
return [item for sublist in l for item in sublist]
l = [[1,2,3],[3]]
print(flatten(l))
# [1, 2, 3, 3]
# if you don't know how deep the list is nested
l = [[1,2,3],[4,[5],[6,7]],[8,[9,[10]]]]
print(list(deepflatten(l, depth=3)))
# [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
18. 列表采样
import random
my_list = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e']
num_samples = 2
samples = random.sample(my_list,num_samples)
print(samples)
# [ 'a', 'e'] this will have any 2 random values
19.数字化
将整数转化成数字列表
num = 123456
# using map
list_of_digits = list(map(int, str(num)))
print(list_of_digits)
# [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
# using list comprehension
list_of_digits = [int(x) for x in str(num)]
print(list_of_digits)
# [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
20.检查列表元素的唯一性
检查列表中每个元素是否为唯一的：
def unique(l):
if len(l)==len(set(l)):
print("All elements are unique")
else:
print("List has duplicates")
unique([1,2,3,4])
# All elements are unique
unique([1,1,2,3])
# List has duplicates
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