Rust编程知识拾遗:Rust 编程,Option 学习

Lena ·
更新时间:2024-11-10
· 715 次阅读

视频地址

头条地址:https://www.ixigua.com/i6765442674582356483
B站地址:https://www.bilibili.com/video/av78062009?p=1
网易云课堂地址:https://study.163.com/course/introduction.htm?courseId=1209596906#/courseDetail?tab=1

github地址

github地址

介绍

Option类型代表了一个可选的值,每个Option要么是一个Some中包含一个值,要么是一个None。Option的定义如下:

pub enum Option { None, Some(T), } 用法

Option主要有以下一些用法:

初始化值;

作为在整个输入范围内没有定义的函数的返回值;

作为返回值,用None表示出现的简单错误;

作为结构体的可选字段;

作为结构体中可借出或者是可载入的字段;

作为函数的可选参数;

代表空指针;

用作复杂情况的返回值。

此处,我们举例说明一下“作为结构体可借出或者是可载入的字段”。

use std::thread; use std::time::Duration; struct Worker { thread: thread::JoinHandle, } impl Worker { fn new() -> Worker { let thread = thread::spawn(move || { println!("start sleep 10 secs ..."); thread::sleep(Duration::from_secs(10)); }); Worker { thread: thread, } } } struct ThreadPool { workers: Vec, } impl ThreadPool { fn new(size: usize) -> ThreadPool { assert!(size > 0); let mut workers = Vec::with_capacity(size); for _ in 0..size { workers.push(Worker::new()); } ThreadPool { workers } } } impl Drop for ThreadPool { fn drop(&mut self) { for worker in &mut self.workers { worker.thread.join().unwrap();//报错,无法编译,thread也无法实现copy trait println!("worker thread finished!"); } } } fn main() { let _pool = ThreadPool::new(3); println!("Hello, world!"); }

上述例子中,实现了一个不完整的线程池,在Worker中,有一个字段为线程的句柄。当线程池对象drop时,无法使用mut对象中成员的引用(即通过&mut self.workers取出worker,在调用worker.thread.join())。为了解决此问题,我们可以将Worker结构体修改如下:

struct Worker { // thread: thread::JoinHandle, thread: Option<thread::JoinHandle>, }

完整代码为:

use std::thread; use std::time::Duration; struct Worker { // thread: thread::JoinHandle, thread: Option<thread::JoinHandle>, } impl Worker { fn new() -> Worker { let thread = thread::spawn(move || { println!("start sleep 10 secs ..."); thread::sleep(Duration::from_secs(10)); }); Worker { // thread: thread, thread: Some(thread), } } } struct ThreadPool { workers: Vec, } impl ThreadPool { fn new(size: usize) -> ThreadPool { assert!(size > 0); let mut workers = Vec::with_capacity(size); for _ in 0..size { workers.push(Worker::new()); } ThreadPool { workers } } } impl Drop for ThreadPool { fn drop(&mut self) { for worker in &mut self.workers { // worker.thread.join().unwrap(); // println!("worker thread finished!"); if let Some(thread) = worker.thread.take() {//此处将thread从Worker的thread字段的Option中拿出来,使用了“Option类型作为结构体中可借出或者是可载入的字段” thread.join().unwrap(); println!("worker thread finished!"); } } } } fn main() { let _pool = ThreadPool::new(3); println!("Hello, world!"); }

在ThreadPool的drop实现中,通过option的take方法,将thread从worker中移出,然后调用join,成功解决问题。

方法

is_some

pub fn is_some(&self) -> bool

当Option中有值时,返回true。

is_none

pub fn is_none(&self) -> bool

当Option为None时,返回true。

contains

pub fn contains(&self, x: &U) -> bool where U: PartialEq,

当Some中包含给定的值时,返回true。这个是nightly API。

//示例 #![feature(option_result_contains)] let x: Option = Some(2); assert_eq!(x.contains(&2), true); let x: Option = Some(3); assert_eq!(x.contains(&2), false);

as_ref

pub fn as_ref(&self) -> Option

&Option转换为Option

//例子 let text: Option = Some("Hello, world!".to_string()); let text_length: Option = text.as_ref().map(|s| s.len()); println!("still can print text: {:?}", text);

take

pub fn take(&mut self) -> Option

把值从Option中拿出来,留下None。

let mut x = Some(2); let y = x.take(); assert_eq!(x, None); assert_eq!(y, Some(2)); let mut x: Option = None; let y = x.take(); assert_eq!(x, None); assert_eq!(y, None);

copied

pub fn copied(self) -> Option

Option得到Option(通过复制来实现)

let x = 12; let opt_x = Some(&x); assert_eq!(opt_x, Some(&12)); let copied = opt_x.copied(); assert_eq!(copied, Some(12));

cloned

pub fn cloned(self) -> Option

Option得到Option(通过克隆来实现)

let x = 12; let opt_x = Some(&x); assert_eq!(opt_x, Some(&12)); let cloned = opt_x.cloned(); assert_eq!(cloned, Some(12));
作者:令狐壹冲



学习 rust option

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