关于CentOS 8 搭建MongoDB4.4分片集群的问题
目录
一，简介
1.分片
2.为什么使用分片
3.分片原理概述
二，准备环境
三，集群配置部署
四，测试服务器分片功能
一，简介 1.分片在MongoDB里面存在另一种集群，就是分片技术，可以满足MongoDB数据量大量增长的需求。
在MongoDB存储海量数据时，一台机器可能不足以存储数据，也可能不足以提供可接受的读写吞吐量。这时，我们就可以通过在多台机器上分割数据，使得数据库系统能存储和处理更多的数据。
复制所有的写入操作到主节点
延迟的敏感数据会在主节点查询
单个副本集限制在12个节点
当请求量巨大时会出现内存不足
本地磁盘不足
垂直扩展价格昂贵
3.分片原理概述分片就是把数据分成块，再把块存储到不同的服务器上，MongoDB的分片是自动分片的，当用户发送读写数据请求的时候，先经过mongos这个路由层，mongos路由层去配置服务器请求分片的信息，再来判断这个请求应该去哪一台服务器上读写数据。
操作系统：CentOS Linux release 8.2.2004 (Core)
MongoDB版本：v4.4.10
IP：10.0.0.56 实例：mongos（30000） config（27017） shard1主节点（40001） shard2仲裁节点（40002） shard3副节点（40003）
IP：10.0.0.57 实例：mongos（30000） config（27017） shard1副节点（40001） shard2主节点（40002） shard3仲裁节点（40003）
IP：10.0.0.58 实例：mongos（30000） config（27017） shard1仲裁节点（40001） shard3副节点（40002） shard3主节点（40003）
三，集群配置部署1.创建相应目录（三台服务器执行相同操作）
mkdir -p /mongo/{data,logs,apps,run}
mkdir -p /mongo/data/shard{1,2,3}
mkdir -p /mongo/data/config
mkdir -p /mongo/apps/conf
2.安装MongoDB修改创建配置文件（三台执行相同操作）
安装教程
安装可以通过下载MongoDB安装包，再进行配置环境变量。这里是直接配置yum源，通过yum源安装的MongoDB，后面直接执行mongod加所需配置文件路径运行即可。
（1）mongo-config配置文件
vim /mongo/apps/conf/mongo-config.yml
systemLog:
destination: file
#日志路径
path: "/mongo/logs/mongo-config.log"
logAppend: true
storage:
journal:
enabled: true
#数据存储路径
dbPath: "/mongo/data/config"
engine: wiredTiger
wiredTiger:
engineConfig:
cacheSizeGB: 12
processManagement:
fork: true
pidFilePath: "/mongo/run/mongo-config.pid"
net:
#这里ip可以设置为对应主机ip
bindIp: 0.0.0.0
#端口
port: 27017
setParameter:
enableLocalhostAuthBypass: true
replication:
#复制集名称
replSetName: "mgconfig"
sharding:
#作为配置服务
clusterRole: configsvr
（2）mongo-shard1配置文件
vim /mongo/apps/conf/mongo-shard1.yml
systemLog:
destination: file
path: "/mongo/logs/mongo-shard1.log"
logAppend: true
storage:
journal:
enabled: true
dbPath: "/mongo/data/shard1"
processManagement:
fork: true
pidFilePath: "/mongo/run/mongo-shard1.pid"
net:
bindIp: 0.0.0.0
#注意修改端口
port: 40001
setParameter:
enableLocalhostAuthBypass: true
replication:
#复制集名称
replSetName: "shard1"
sharding:
#作为分片服务
clusterRole: shardsvr
（3）mongo-shard2配置文件
vim /mongo/apps/conf/mongo-shard2.yml
systemLog:
destination: file
path: "/mongo/logs/mongo-shard2.log"
logAppend: true
storage:
journal:
enabled: true
dbPath: "/mongo/data/shard2"
processManagement:
fork: true
pidFilePath: "/mongo/run/mongo-shard2.pid"
net:
bindIp: 0.0.0.0
#注意修改端口
port: 40002
setParameter:
enableLocalhostAuthBypass: true
replication:
#复制集名称
replSetName: "shard2"
sharding:
#作为分片服务
clusterRole: shardsvr
（4）mongo-shard3配置文件
vim /mongo/apps/conf/mongo-shard3.yml
systemLog:
destination: file
path: "/mongo/logs/mongo-shard3.log"
logAppend: true
storage:
journal:
enabled: true
dbPath: "/mongo/data/shard3"
processManagement:
fork: true
pidFilePath: "/mongo/run/mongo-shard3.pid"
net:
bindIp: 0.0.0.0
#注意修改端口
port: 40003
setParameter:
enableLocalhostAuthBypass: true
replication:
#复制集名称
replSetName: "shard3"
sharding:
#作为分片服务
clusterRole: shardsvr
（5）mongo-route配置文件
vim /mongo/apps/conf/mongo-route.yml
systemLog:
destination: file
#注意修改路径
path: "/mongo/logs/mongo-route.log"
logAppend: true
processManagement:
fork: true
pidFilePath: "/mongo/run/mongo-route.pid"
net:
bindIp: 0.0.0.0
#注意修改端口
port: 30000
setParameter:
enableLocalhostAuthBypass: true
replication:
localPingThresholdMs: 15
sharding:
#关联配置服务
configDB: mgconfig/10.0.0.56:27017,10.0.0.57:27017,10.0.0.58:27018
3.启动mongo-config服务（三台服务器执行相同操作）
#关闭之前yum安装的MongoDB
systemctl stop mongod
cd /mongo/apps/conf/
mongod --config mongo-config.yml
#查看端口27017是否启动
netstat -ntpl
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1129/sshd
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1131/cupsd
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:6010 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2514/sshd: root@pts
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:6011 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 4384/sshd: root@pts
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:27017 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 4905/mongod
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1/systemd
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1129/sshd
tcp6 0 0 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN 1131/cupsd
tcp6 0 0 ::1:6010 :::* LISTEN 2514/sshd: root@pts
tcp6 0 0 ::1:6011 :::* LISTEN 4384/sshd: root@pts
tcp6 0 0 :::111 :::* LISTEN 1/systemd
4.连接一台实例，创建初始化复制集
#连接mongo
mongo 10.0.0.56:27017
#配置初始化复制集，这里的mgconfig要和配置文件里的replSet的名称一致
config={_id:"mgconfig",members:[
{_id:0,host:"10.0.0.56:27017"},
{_id:1,host:"10.0.0.57:27017"},
{_id:2,host:"10.0.0.58:27017"},
]}
rs.initiate(config)
#ok返回1便是初始化成功
{
"ok" : 1,
"$gleStats" : {
"lastOpTime" : Timestamp(1634710950, 1),
"electionId" : ObjectId("000000000000000000000000")
},
"lastCommittedOpTime" : Timestamp(0, 0)
}
#检查状态
rs.status()
{
"set" : "mgconfig",
"date" : ISODate("2021-10-20T06:24:24.277Z"),
"myState" : 1,
"term" : NumberLong(1),
"syncSourceHost" : "",
"syncSourceId" : -1,
"configsvr" : true,
"heartbeatIntervalMillis" : NumberLong(2000),
"majorityVoteCount" : 2,
"writeMajorityCount" : 2,
"votingMembersCount" : 3,
"writableVotingMembersCount" : 3,
"optimes" : {
"lastCommittedOpTime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1634711063, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(1)
},
"lastCommittedWallTime" : ISODate("2021-10-20T06:24:23.811Z"),
"readConcernMajorityOpTime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1634711063, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(1)
},
"readConcernMajorityWallTime" : ISODate("2021-10-20T06:24:23.811Z"),
"appliedOpTime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1634711063, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(1)
},
"durableOpTime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1634711063, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(1)
},
"lastAppliedWallTime" : ISODate("2021-10-20T06:24:23.811Z"),
"lastDurableWallTime" : ISODate("2021-10-20T06:24:23.811Z")
},
"lastStableRecoveryTimestamp" : Timestamp(1634711021, 1),
"electionCandidateMetrics" : {
"lastElectionReason" : "electionTimeout",
"lastElectionDate" : ISODate("2021-10-20T06:22:41.335Z"),
"electionTerm" : NumberLong(1),
"lastCommittedOpTimeAtElection" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(0, 0),
"t" : NumberLong(-1)
},
"lastSeenOpTimeAtElection" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1634710950, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(-1)
},
"numVotesNeeded" : 2,
"priorityAtElection" : 1,
"electionTimeoutMillis" : NumberLong(10000),
"numCatchUpOps" : NumberLong(0),
"newTermStartDate" : ISODate("2021-10-20T06:22:41.509Z"),
"wMajorityWriteAvailabilityDate" : ISODate("2021-10-20T06:22:42.322Z")
},
"members" : [
{
"_id" : 0,
"name" : "10.0.0.56:27017",
"health" : 1,
"state" : 1,
"stateStr" : "PRIMARY",
"uptime" : 530,
"optime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1634711063, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(1)
},
"optimeDate" : ISODate("2021-10-20T06:24:23Z"),
"syncSourceHost" : "",
"syncSourceId" : -1,
"infoMessage" : "",
"electionTime" : Timestamp(1634710961, 1),
"electionDate" : ISODate("2021-10-20T06:22:41Z"),
"configVersion" : 1,
"configTerm" : 1,
"self" : true,
"lastHeartbeatMessage" : ""
},
{
"_id" : 1,
"name" : "10.0.0.57:27017",
"health" : 1,
"state" : 2,
"stateStr" : "SECONDARY",
"uptime" : 113,
"optime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1634711061, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(1)
},
"optimeDurable" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1634711061, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(1)
},
"optimeDate" : ISODate("2021-10-20T06:24:21Z"),
"optimeDurableDate" : ISODate("2021-10-20T06:24:21Z"),
"lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2021-10-20T06:24:22.487Z"),
"lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2021-10-20T06:24:22.906Z"),
"pingMs" : NumberLong(0),
"lastHeartbeatMessage" : "",
"syncSourceHost" : "10.0.0.56:27017",
"syncSourceId" : 0,
"infoMessage" : "",
"configVersion" : 1,
"configTerm" : 1
},
{
"_id" : 2,
"name" : "10.0.0.58:27017",
"health" : 1,
"state" : 2,
"stateStr" : "SECONDARY",
"uptime" : 113,
"optime" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1634711062, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(1)
},
"optimeDurable" : {
"ts" : Timestamp(1634711062, 1),
"t" : NumberLong(1)
},
"optimeDate" : ISODate("2021-10-20T06:24:22Z"),
"optimeDurableDate" : ISODate("2021-10-20T06:24:22Z"),
"lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2021-10-20T06:24:23.495Z"),
"lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2021-10-20T06:24:22.514Z"),
"pingMs" : NumberLong(0),
"lastHeartbeatMessage" : "",
"syncSourceHost" : "10.0.0.56:27017",
"syncSourceId" : 0,
"infoMessage" : "",
"configVersion" : 1,
"configTerm" : 1
}
],
"ok" : 1,
"$gleStats" : {
"lastOpTime" : Timestamp(1634710950, 1),
"electionId" : ObjectId("7fffffff0000000000000001")
},
"lastCommittedOpTime" : Timestamp(1634711063, 1),
"$clusterTime" : {
"clusterTime" : Timestamp(1634711063, 1),
"signature" : {
"hash" : BinData(0,"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA="),
"keyId" : NumberLong(0)
}
},
"operationTime" : Timestamp(1634711063, 1)
}
5.配置部署shard1分片集群，启动shard1实例（三台执行同样操作）
cd /mongo/apps/conf
mongod --config mongo-shard1.yml
#查看端口40001是否启动
netstat -ntpl
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:40001 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5742/mongod
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:27017 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5443/mongod
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1/systemd
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1139/sshd
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1133/cupsd
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:6010 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2490/sshd: root@pts
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:6011 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5189/sshd: root@pts
tcp6 0 0 :::111 :::* LISTEN 1/systemd
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1139/sshd
tcp6 0 0 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN 1133/cupsd
tcp6 0 0 ::1:6010 :::* LISTEN 2490/sshd: root@pts
tcp6 0 0 ::1:6011 :::* LISTEN 5189/sshd: root@pts
6.连接一台实例，创建复制集
#连接mongo
mongo 10.0.0.56:40001
#配置初始化复制集
config={_id:"shard1",members:[
{_id:0,host:"10.0.0.56:40001",priority:2},
{_id:1,host:"10.0.0.57:40001",priority:1},
{_id:2,host:"10.0.0.58:40001",arbiterOnly:true},
]}
rs.initiate(config)
#检查状态
rs.status()
7.配置部署shard2分片集群，启动shard1实例（三台执行同样操作）
cd /mongo/apps/conf
mongod --config mongo-shard2.yml
#查看端口40002是否启动
netstat -ntpl
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:40001 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5742/mongod
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:40002 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5982/mongod
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:27017 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5443/mongod
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1/systemd
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1139/sshd
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1133/cupsd
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:6010 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2490/sshd: root@pts
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:6011 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5189/sshd: root@pts
tcp6 0 0 :::111 :::* LISTEN 1/systemd
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1139/sshd
tcp6 0 0 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN 1133/cupsd
tcp6 0 0 ::1:6010 :::* LISTEN 2490/sshd: root@pts
tcp6 0 0 ::1:6011 :::* LISTEN 5189/sshd: root@pts
8.连接第二个节点创建复制集
因为我们规划的shard2的主节点是10.0.0.57:40002，仲裁节点不能写数据，所以要连接10.0.0.57主机
#连接mongo
mongo 10.0.0.57:40002
#创建初始化复制集
config={_id:"shard2",members:[
{_id:0,host:"10.0.0.56:40002",arbiterOnly:true},
{_id:1,host:"10.0.0.57:40002",priority:2},
{_id:2,host:"10.0.0.58:40002",priority:1},
]}
rs.initiate(config)
#查看状态
rs.status()
9.配置部署shard3分片集群，启动shard3实例（三台执行同样操作）
cd /mongo/apps/conf/
mongod --config mongo-shard3.yml
##查看端口40003是否启动
netstat -ntpl
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:40001 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5742/mongod
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:40002 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5982/mongod
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:40003 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 6454/mongod
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:27017 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5443/mongod
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1/systemd
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1139/sshd
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1133/cupsd
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:6010 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2490/sshd: root@pts
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:6011 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5189/sshd: root@pts
tcp6 0 0 :::111 :::* LISTEN 1/systemd
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1139/sshd
tcp6 0 0 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN 1133/cupsd
tcp6 0 0 ::1:6010 :::* LISTEN 2490/sshd: root@pts
tcp6 0 0 ::1:6011 :::* LISTEN 5189/sshd: root@pts
10.连接第三个节点（10.0.0.58:40003）创建复制集
#连接mongo
mongo 10.0.0.58:40003
#创建初始化复制集
config={_id:"shard3",members:[
{_id:0,host:"10.0.0.56:40003",priority:1},
{_id:1,host:"10.0.0.57:40003",arbiterOnly:true},
{_id:2,host:"10.0.0.58:40003",priority:2},
]}
rs.initiate(config)
#查看状态
rs.status()
11.配置部署路由节点
#路由节点启动登录用mongos
mongos --config mongo-route.yml
#连接添加分片到集群中
mongo 10.0.0.56:30000
sh.addShard("shard1/10.0.0.56:40001,10.0.0.57:40001,10.0.0.58:40001")
sh.addShard("shard2/10.0.0.56:40002,10.0.0.57:40002,10.0.0.58:40002")
sh.addShard("shard3/10.0.0.56:40003,10.0.0.57:40003,10.0.0.58:40003")
#查看分片状态
sh.status()
四，测试服务器分片功能
#查看所有库
mongos> show dbs
admin 0.000GB
config 0.003GB
#进入config
use config
#这里默认的chunk大小是64M，db.settings.find()可以看到这个值，这里为了测试看的清楚，把chunk调整为1M
db.settings.save({"_id":"chunksize","value":1})
模拟写入数据
#在tydb库的tyuser表中循环写入6万条数据
mongos> use tydb
mongos> show tables
mongos> for(i=1;i<=60000;i++){db.tyuser.insert({"id":i,"name":"ty"+i})}
启用数据库分片
mongos> sh.enableSharding("tydb")
#ok返回1
{
"ok" : 1,
"operationTime" : Timestamp(1634716737, 2),
"$clusterTime" : {
"clusterTime" : Timestamp(1634716737, 2),
"signature" : {
"hash" : BinData(0,"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA="),
"keyId" : NumberLong(0)
}
}
}
启用表分片
mongos> sh.shardCollection(”tydb.tyuser",{"id":1})
查看分片情况
mongos> sh.status()
查看开启关闭平衡器
#开启
mongos> sh.startBalancer() #或者sh.startBalancer(true)
#关闭
mongos> sh.stopBalancer() #或者sh.stopBalancer(false)
#查看是否关闭
mongos> sh.getBalancerState() #返回flase表示关闭
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