手动构建自己的docker容器镜像实战

Rhea ·

更新时间:2024-09-20

· 129 次阅读

前言

一. 设置docker构建镜像的环境

1.1 commit 命令的介绍

1.2 创建一个tomcat容器

二. 开始构建自己的镜像

2.1 查看容器的ID

2.2 使用命令docker commit 生成该容器的镜像，并保存在本地

三. 上传镜像到镜像仓库

3.1 登录docker hub

3.2 创建镜像

3.3 上传到镜像仓库

前言

之前的实战中，我们实战中，我们使用的镜像都是镜像仓库已有的镜像。已有的镜像都是别人已经开发好上传的。今天我们一起来看看如何构建自己的镜像并上传到镜像仓库中。

一. 设置docker构建镜像的环境

使用docker commit命令进行镜像的构建

1.1 commit 命令的介绍

我们执行 docker help commit来查看：

[root@mufeng63 ~]# docker help commit
Usage:  docker commit [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]
Create a new image from a container's changes
Aliases:
  docker container commit, docker commit
Options:
  -a, --author string    Author (e.g., "John Hannibal Smith <hannibal@a-team.com>")
  -c, --change list      Apply Dockerfile instruction to the created image
  -m, --message string   Commit message
  -p, --pause            Pause container during commit (default true)
[root@mufeng63 ~]#

1.2 创建一个tomcat容器

拉取Tomcat的镜像

[root@mufeng63 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID   CREATED   SIZE
[root@mufeng63 ~]# docker pull tomcat
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/tomcat
0e29546d541c: Pull complete 
9b829c73b52b: Pull complete 
cb5b7ae36172: Pull complete 
6494e4811622: Pull complete 
668f6fcc5fa5: Pull complete 
dc120c3e0290: Pull complete 
8f7c0eebb7b1: Pull complete 
77b694f83996: Pull complete 
0f611256ec3a: Pull complete 
4f25def12f23: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:9dee185c3b161cdfede1f5e35e8b56ebc9de88ed3a79526939701f3537a52324
Status: Downloaded newer image for tomcat:latest
docker.io/library/tomcat:latest
[root@mufeng63 ~]#

基于Tomcat的镜像创建容器

[root@mufeng63 ~]# docker run  --name mytomcat -d -p 8080:8080 tomcat
1f5bd6dcca0a614ec047bf3882e3fe2e4cdb17b7f343d7834145b17d1fc3c3c3
[root@mufeng63 ~]#

在Tomcat中部署一个简单的页面

如果不创建页面，直接访问Tomcat是会报错的，所以这里需要手动创建一个web测试页面：

//查看正在运行的容器
[root@mufeng63 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND             CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                                       NAMES
1f5bd6dcca0a   tomcat    "catalina.sh run"   53 seconds ago   Up 52 seconds   0.0.0.0:8080->8080/tcp, :::8080->8080/tcp   mytomcat
// 登录Tomcat容器
[root@mufeng63 ~]# docker exec -it 1f5bd6dcca0a /bin/bash
root@1f5bd6dcca0a:/usr/local/tomcat# ls
BUILDING.txt LICENSE  README.md RUNNING.txt  conf  logs    temp     webapps.dist
CONTRIBUTING.md  NOTICE   RELEASE-NOTES  bin      lib   native-jni-lib  webapps  work
// 创建web测试目录
root@1f5bd6dcca0a:/usr/local/tomcat# mkdir webapps/mufeng_demo
//创建index.html
root@1f5bd6dcca0a:/usr/local/tomcat# echo "<h1>This is mufenggrow </>" > webapps/mufeng_demo/index.html
root@1f5bd6dcca0a:/usr/local/tomcat#

浏览器访问测试：
使用ip+端口号/mufeng_demo/index.html进行访问：

二. 开始构建自己的镜像 2.1 查看容器的ID

先要确定自己要基于哪个容器生成镜像，这里我们用Tomcat的容器来构建：

[root@mufeng63 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND             CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                                       NAMES
1f5bd6dcca0a   tomcat    "catalina.sh run"   19 minutes ago   Up 19 minutes   0.0.0.0:8080->8080/tcp, :::8080->8080/tcp   mytomcat
[root@mufeng63 ~]#

可以确定该容器的ID是1f5bd6dcca0a

2.2 使用命令docker commit 生成该容器的镜像，并保存在本地

[root@mufeng63 ~]# docker commit 1f5bd6dcca0a mufeng_tomcat
sha256:3dbdf1f915ac9cc3210fb0e77d9f5d93f24064ac604cf12d24f602693396eed3
[root@mufeng63 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY      TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
mufeng_tomcat   latest    3dbdf1f915ac   9 seconds ago   680MB
tomcat          latest    fb5657adc892   15 months ago   680MB
[root@mufeng63 ~]#

执行完成后，看到多了一个mufeng_tomcat 的镜像。

三. 上传镜像到镜像仓库 3.1 登录docker hub

docker hub的官网地址： https://hub.docker.com/

创建存储库

你可以手动创建存储库，当然也可以不创建，我们这里默认是不创建的，上传的时候直接用mufenggrow/ 即可

3.2 创建镜像

如果要上传到镜像仓库中，需要在镜像名称前加上仓库的路径信息：

[root@mufeng63 ~]# docker commit 1f5bd6dcca0a mufenggrow/mufeng_tomcat
sha256:dc9420341e4bd06cdd7dc5881220481c9dbe8faf4d548356c6dbab265a36416b
[root@mufeng63 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY                 TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED          SIZE
mufenggrow/mufeng_tomcat   latest    dc9420341e4b   5 seconds ago    680MB
mufeng_tomcat              latest    3dbdf1f915ac   16 minutes ago   680MB
tomcat                     latest    fb5657adc892   15 months ago    680MB

3.3 上传到镜像仓库

使用docker login 登录

[root@mufeng63 ~]# docker login
Login with your Docker ID to push and pull images from Docker Hub. If you don't have a Docker ID, head over to https://hub.docker.com to create one.
Username: mufenggrow
Password: 
WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json.
Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store
Login Succeeded
[root@mufeng63 ~]#

开始上传

[root@mufeng63 ~]# docker push mufenggrow/mufeng_tomcat
Using default tag: latest
The push refers to repository [docker.io/mufenggrow/mufeng_tomcat]
66f50273e519: Pushed 
3e2ed6847c7a: Mounted from library/tomcat 
bd2befca2f7e: Mounted from library/tomcat 
59c516e5b6fa: Mounted from library/tomcat 
3bb5258f46d2: Mounted from library/tomcat 
832e177bb500: Mounted from library/tomcat 
f9e18e59a565: Mounted from library/tomcat 
26a504e63be4: Mounted from library/tomcat 
8bf42db0de72: Mounted from library/tomcat 
31892cc314cb: Mounted from library/tomcat 
11936051f93b: Mounted from library/tomcat 
latest: digest: sha256:4a696362a8586173d7f0f9b12eef1354060d10746796e59519ed083fe0acd5f8 size: 2630
[root@mufeng63 ~]#

到网页端查看

下载测试

先删除系统中已经有的包：

[root@mufeng63 ~]# docker rmi mufenggrow/mufeng_tomcat:latest 
Untagged: mufenggrow/mufeng_tomcat:latest
Untagged: mufenggrow/mufeng_tomcat@sha256:4a696362a8586173d7f0f9b12eef1354060d10746796e59519ed083fe0acd5f8
Deleted: sha256:dc9420341e4bd06cdd7dc5881220481c9dbe8faf4d548356c6dbab265a36416b
Deleted: sha256:6d5bd3130a0c60a6075e5856fa11c8acfdab7a2252360a6fbeabdef1f83fc526
[root@mufeng63 ~]# docker rmi mufeng_tomcat
Untagged: mufeng_tomcat:latest
Deleted: sha256:3dbdf1f915ac9cc3210fb0e77d9f5d93f24064ac604cf12d24f602693396eed3
Deleted: sha256:ea120c9388c452a6f215f1761b5981e40370e74b68d1886237e0931ce33a45f3
[root@mufeng63 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
tomcat       latest    fb5657adc892   15 months ago   680MB
[root@mufeng63 ~]#

下载镜像包

[root@mufeng63 ~]# docker search mufenggrow/mufeng_tomcat
NAME                       DESCRIPTION   STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mufenggrow/mufeng_tomcat                 0                    
[root@mufeng63 ~]# docker pull mufenggrow/mufeng_tomcat
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from mufenggrow/mufeng_tomcat
0e29546d541c: Already exists 
9b829c73b52b: Already exists 
cb5b7ae36172: Already exists 
6494e4811622: Already exists 
668f6fcc5fa5: Already exists 
dc120c3e0290: Already exists 
8f7c0eebb7b1: Already exists 
77b694f83996: Already exists 
0f611256ec3a: Already exists 
4f25def12f23: Already exists 
5a8cdbad1b10: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:4a696362a8586173d7f0f9b12eef1354060d10746796e59519ed083fe0acd5f8
Status: Downloaded newer image for mufenggrow/mufeng_tomcat:latest
docker.io/mufenggrow/mufeng_tomcat:latest
[root@mufeng63 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY                 TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED          SIZE
mufenggrow/mufeng_tomcat   latest    dc9420341e4b   24 minutes ago   680MB
tomcat                     latest    fb5657adc892   15 months ago    680MB
[root@mufeng63 ~]#

可以看到，我们自己构建的镜像，已经可以下载了。

以上就是手动构建自己的docker容器镜像实战的详细内容，更多关于构建docker容器镜像的资料请关注软件开发网其它相关文章！

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