Python利用prettytable实现格式化输出内容
目录
楔子
添加表头、添加行、添加列
输出指定行、指定列
设置表格样式
设置对齐方式
设置边框样式
楔子我们用 MySQL 客户端查询数据的时候，是以下面这种格式显示的：
内容展示的非常漂亮，而 Python 有一个第三方模块叫 prettytable，专门用来将数据以上面这种格式输出，我们来看一下用法。
添加表头、添加行、添加列类似于数据库中的表，由表头（或者说字段名），以及每一行的内容组成。
from prettytable import PrettyTable
# 传入的 name、age、country 相当于表头
tb = PrettyTable(["name", "age", "country"])
# 调用 add_row 添加行记录
tb.add_row(["Jack Morrison", 49, "America"])
tb.add_row(["Shimada Genji", 35, "Japan"])
tb.add_row(["Shimada Hanzo", 38, "Japan"])
tb.add_row(["Angela Ziegler", 37, "Switzerland"])
print(tb)
"""
+----------------+-----+-------------+
| name | age | country |
+----------------+-----+-------------+
| Jack Morrison | 49 | America |
| Shimada Genji | 35 | Japan |
| Shimada Hanzo | 38 | Japan |
| Angela Ziegler | 37 | Switzerland |
+----------------+-----+-------------+
"""
如果在编写的过程中，我们需要临时添加一列，prettytable 也是支持的。
from prettytable import PrettyTable
tb = PrettyTable(["name", "age", "country"])
tb.add_row(["Jack Morrison", 49, "America"])
tb.add_row(["Shimada Genji", 35, "Japan"])
tb.add_row(["Shimada Hanzo", 38, "Japan"])
tb.add_row(["Angela Ziegler", 37, "Switzerland"])
# 调用 add_column 添加一列
tb.add_column("gender",
["male", "male", "male", "female"])
print(tb)
"""
+----------------+-----+-------------+--------+
| name | age | country | gender |
+----------------+-----+-------------+--------+
| Jack Morrison | 49 | America | male |
| Shimada Genji | 35 | Japan | male |
| Shimada Hanzo | 38 | Japan | male |
| Angela Ziegler | 37 | Switzerland | female |
+----------------+-----+-------------+--------+
"""
输出内容是不是和 MySQL数据库类似呢。
此外 prettytable 还支持从 csv、数据库、html 等数据源中导入数据，但说实话，从数据源读取数据我们一般使用 pandas，并且还会伴随着数据处理。而使用 prettytable 只是为了让程序中产生的信息，能够以结构化的形式打印，很少会从文件或数据库里面读数据。
输出指定行、指定列我们也可以输出 table 的指定行、指定列。
from prettytable import PrettyTable
tb = PrettyTable(["name", "age", "country", "gender"])
tb.add_row(["Jack Morrison", 49, "America", "male"])
tb.add_row(["Shimada Genji", 35, "Japan", "male"])
tb.add_row(["Shimada Hanzo", 38, "Japan", "male"])
tb.add_row(["Angela Ziegler", 37, "Switzerland", "female"])
# 只输出 name 和 age 两列
# start 和 end 表示开始和结束的行数(从 0 开始)
print(tb.get_string(fields=["name", "age"],
start=1, end=3))
"""
+---------------+-----+
| name | age |
+---------------+-----+
| Shimada Genji | 35 |
| Shimada Hanzo | 38 |
+---------------+-----+
"""
# 此外可以用来进行排序
print(tb.get_string(sortby="age", reversesort=True))
"""
+----------------+-----+-------------+--------+
| name | age | country | gender |
+----------------+-----+-------------+--------+
| Jack Morrison | 49 | America | male |
| Shimada Hanzo | 38 | Japan | male |
| Angela Ziegler | 37 | Switzerland | female |
| Shimada Genji | 35 | Japan | male |
+----------------+-----+-------------+--------+
"""
设置表格样式
表格也支持几种不同的样式，供我们选择。
from prettytable import *
tb = PrettyTable(["name", "age", "country", "gender"])
tb.add_row(["Jack Morrison", 49, "America", "male"])
tb.add_row(["Shimada Genji", 35, "Japan", "male"])
tb.add_row(["Shimada Hanzo", 38, "Japan", "male"])
tb.add_row(["Angela Ziegler", 37, "Switzerland", "female"])
# 样式支持以下几种：
# DEFAULT、MSWORD_FRIENDLY、PLAIN_COLUMNS、RANDOM
# 之前的样式就是 DEFAULT
tb.set_style(MSWORD_FRIENDLY)
print(tb)
"""
| name | age | country | gender |
| Jack Morrison | 49 | America | male |
| Shimada Genji | 35 | Japan | male |
| Shimada Hanzo | 38 | Japan | male |
| Angela Ziegler | 37 | Switzerland | female |
"""
tb.set_style(PLAIN_COLUMNS)
print(tb)
"""
name age country gender
Jack Morrison 49 America male
Shimada Genji 35 Japan male
Shimada Hanzo 38 Japan male
Angela Ziegler 37 Switzerland female
"""
tb.set_style(RANDOM)
print(tb)
"""
;+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++;
. name age country gender .
;+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++;
. Jack Morrison 49 America male .
. Shimada Genji 35 Japan male .
. Shimada Hanzo 38 Japan male .
. Angela Ziegler 37 Switzerland female .
;+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++;
"""
说实话，还是默认的 DEFAULT 样式最好看。
设置对齐方式from prettytable import *
tb = PrettyTable(["name", "age", "country", "gender"])
tb.add_row(["Jack Morrison", 49, "America", "male"])
tb.add_row(["Shimada Genji", 35, "Japan", "male"])
tb.add_row(["Shimada Hanzo", 38, "Japan", "male"])
tb.add_row(["Angela Ziegler", 37, "Switzerland", "female"])
# l 代表左对齐，c 代表居中，r 代表右对齐
# 默认居中
tb.align["name"] = "l"
tb.align["age"] = "c"
tb.align["country"] = "r"
print(tb)
"""
+----------------+-----+-------------+--------+
| name | age | country | gender |
+----------------+-----+-------------+--------+
| Jack Morrison | 49 | America | male |
| Shimada Genji | 35 | Japan | male |
| Shimada Hanzo | 38 | Japan | male |
| Angela Ziegler | 37 | Switzerland | female |
+----------------+-----+-------------+--------+
"""
设置边框样式
在 PrettyTable 中，边框由三个部分组成：横边框，竖边框，和边框连接符，我们都可以修改。
from prettytable import *
tb = PrettyTable(["name", "age", "country", "gender"])
tb.add_row(["Jack Morrison", 49, "America", "male"])
tb.add_row(["Shimada Genji", 35, "Japan", "male"])
tb.add_row(["Shimada Hanzo", 38, "Japan", "male"])
tb.add_row(["Angela Ziegler", 37, "Switzerland", "female"])
# 是否显示边框，默认为True
tb.border = True
# 横边框
tb.horizontal_char = '^'
# 竖边框
tb.vertical_char = '>'
# 边框连接符
tb.junction_char='~'
print(tb)
"""
~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^~^^^^^~^^^^^^^^^^^^^~^^^^^^^^~
> name > age > country > gender >
~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^~^^^^^~^^^^^^^^^^^^^~^^^^^^^^~
> Jack Morrison > 49 > America > male >
> Shimada Genji > 35 > Japan > male >
> Shimada Hanzo > 38 > Japan > male >
> Angela Ziegler > 37 > Switzerland > female >
~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^~^^^^^~^^^^^^^^^^^^^~^^^^^^^^~
"""
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