Nginx专门提供了ngx_http_mirror_module模块,用来实现流量拷贝。将生产环境的流量拷贝到预上线环境或测试环境,这样做有很多好处:
可以验证功能是否正常,以及服务的性能;
用真实有效的流量请求去验证,又不用造数据,不影响线上正常访问;
相比于灰度发布,镜像流量不会影响真实流量;
可以用来排查线上问题;
重构,假如服务做了重构,这也是一种测试方式;
ngx_http_mirror_module模块就像是一个镜像站点一样,将所有的请求都收集起来,这个镜像站点就代表了所有真实有效的原始请求。有了这个镜像站点,后续就可以复现所有的请求,实现把线上的流程复制到别的地方。
ngx_http_mirror_module模块特性:nginx 1.13.4及后续版本内置ngx_http_mirror_module模块,提供流量镜像(复制)的功能。
支持流量放大,做法为:配置多份相同镜像。
相比tcp-copy的优势:无需录制流量,实时可用;配置相当简单。
源站请求,直接原路返回;正常配置下,mirror请求不影响源站请求及响应,源站nginx-server将流量复制到mirror站后,两者不再有任何交集。
二、Nginx编译安装,要加上ngx_http_mirror_module模块下面是Nginx解压后,编译安装的示例
# ./configure
--sbin-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx
--conf-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx.conf
--pid-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid
--with-http_ssl_module
--without-http_limit_req_module
--without-http_mirror_module
--with-pcre=../pcre-8.43
--with-zlib=../zlib-1.2.11
--add-module=/path/to/ngx_devel_kit
--add-module=/path/to/lua-nginx-module
# make & make install
三、Nginx流量拷贝的配置示例
upstream kevin-order {
server 127.0.0.1:8088;
}
upstream kevin-customer {
server 127.0.0.1:8089;
}
upstream kevin-mirror1 {
server 172.16.60.230:8088;
}
upstream kevin-mirror2 {
server 172.16.60.230:8089;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name kevin.com;
access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/kevin.com-access.log main;
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/kevin.com-error.log;
# 源站点1
location /order {
proxy_pass http://kevin-order;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
# 复制请求体
mirror_request_body on;
# 流量复制
mirror /mirror1;
}
# 源站点2
location /customer {
proxy_pass http://kevin-customer;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
mirror_request_body on;
mirror /mirror2;
}
# 镜像站点1
location /mirror1 {
proxy_pass http://kevin-mirror1$request_uri;
proxy_pass_request_body on;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
}
# 镜像站点2
location /mirror2 {
proxy_pass http://kevin-mirror2$request_uri;
proxy_pass_request_body on;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
}
}
配置说明:上面配置中,将访问http://kevin.com/order、http://kevin.com/customer的流量分别复制到172.16.60.230服务器的8088和8089端口。
四、Nginx使用ngx_http_mirror_module模块进行流量拷贝的配置技巧 1)Nginx复制GET及POST请求流量server {
listen 80;
server_name kevin.com;
# 源站配置
location / {
access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log accesslog;
mirror /mirror;
mirror_request_body on;
proxy_pass http://kevin.upstream.name;
}
# 镜像站点配置
location /mirror {
internal; # 内部配置
proxy_pass http://mirror.kevin.upstream.name$request_uri;
proxy_pass_request_body on;
proxy_set_header X-Original-URI $request_uri; #使用真实的url重置url
}
}
2)Nginx不允许复制POST请求流量
默认是支持POST流量复制的,需要通过下面配置来禁止。
server {
listen 80;
server_name kevin.com;
# 源站配置
location / {
access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log accesslog;
mirror /mirror;
mirror_request_body off;
proxy_pass http://kevin.upstream.name;
}
# 镜像站点配置
location /mirror {
# 判断请求方法,不是GET返回403
if ($request_method != GET) {
return 403;
}
internal; #内部配置
proxy_pass http://mirror.kevin.upstream.name$request_uri;
proxy_pass_request_body off;
# mirror_request_body和proxy_pass_request_body都设置为off,则Conten-length需要设置为"",否则有坑!
proxy_set_header Content-Length "";
proxy_set_header X-Original-URI $request_uri; # 使用真实的url重置url
}
}
3)拷贝流量放大
配置多分mirror镜像点
server {
listen 80;
server_name kevin.com;
# 源站配置
location / {
access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log accesslog;
mirror /mirror;
# 多加一份mirror,流量放大一倍
mirror /mirror;
mirror_request_body on;
proxy_pass http://kevin.upstream.name;
}
# 镜像站点配置
location /mirror {
internal; # 内部配置
proxy_pass http://mirror.kevin.upstream.name$request_uri;
proxy_pass_request_body on;
proxy_set_header X-Original-URI $request_uri; #使用真实的url重置url
}
}
4)配置mirror镜像日志
mirror中不支持配置access_log,解决方法:mirror-location跳转到server,在server中配置accesslog。
server {
listen 80;
server_name kevin.com;
# 源站配置
location / {
access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log accesslog;
mirror /mirror;
mirror_request_body on;
proxy_pass http://kevin.upstream.name;
}
# 镜像站点配置
location /mirror {
internal; # 内部配置
# 跳转到下面的内部server
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:10992$request_uri;
proxy_pass_request_body off;
proxy_set_header Content-Length "";
proxy_set_header X-Original-URI $request_uri; #使用真实的url重置url
}
server {
# server没法设置为内部
listen 127.0.0.1:10992;
location / {
# 判断放在server,使得post请求日志可以记录
if ($request_method != GET) {
return 403;
}
access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log accesslog;
proxy_pass http://mirror.kevin.upstream.name;
}
}
五、Nginx流量拷贝的注意事项
1)mirror镜像配置日志
镜像配置不正确,导致流量复制操作没正常执行。如果mirror镜像配置缺少日志,会严重影响调试。所以强烈建议配置镜像日志,配置方法如如上"配置mirror镜像日志"。部分错误配置的错误信息在在error日志中。
2)mirror_request_body/proxy_pass_request_body与Content-Length需配置一致如果mirror_request_body
或者proxy_pass_request_body
设置为off
,则Content-Length
必须设置为"",因为nginx(mirror_request_body)
或tomcat(mirror_request_body)
处理post请求时,会根据Content-Length
获取请求体,如果Content-Length
不为空,而由于mirror_request_body
或者proxy_pass_request_body
设置为off
,处理方以为post有内容,当request_body
中没有,处理方会一直等待至超时,则前者为off,nginx会报upstream请求超时;后者为off,tomcat会报如下错误:
"2020-11-18T17:26:36.803+08:00" "331632b86ec64b829672066a96fc6324" "department" "group" "project_name" "hostname" "127.0.0.1" "" "/post" "p=11" "-" "PostmanRuntime/7.1.1" "ERROR" "xxx.GlobalControllerAdvice" "operateExp" "-" "26" "xxxx.GlobalControllerAdvice" "unknown" "org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageNotReadableException" "I/O error while reading input message; nested exception is java.net.SocketTimeoutException" "GlobalControllerAdvice中捕获全局异常" "org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageNotReadableException: I/O error while reading input message; nested exception is java.net.SocketTimeoutException
at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.AbstractMessageConverterMethodArgumentResolver.readWithMessageConverters(AbstractMessageConverterMethodArgumentResolver.java:229)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor.readWithMessageConverters(RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor.java:150)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor.resolveArgument(RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor.java:128)
at org.springframework.web.method.support.HandlerMethodArgumentResolverComposite.resolveArgument(HandlerMethodArgumentResolverComposite.java:121)
at org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.getMethodArgumentValues(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:158)
at org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.invokeForRequest(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:128)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.invokeAndHandle(ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.java:97)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.invokeHandlerMethod(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java:827)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.handleInternal(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java:738)
at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.handle(AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.java:85)
更多关于Nginx流量拷贝技术文章请查看下面的相关链接