对Struts2进行单元测试,以struts 2.2.1.1为例 ,可以使用struts2发行包中的struts2-junit-plugin-2.2.1.1.jar,它里面提供了两个类StrutsTestCase、StrutsSpringTestCase,分别提供对纯struts应用和struts+spring整合时的单元测试支持。下面分别说明。
1.StrutsTestCase
首先准备一个纯struts2工程,建立工程过程略,但有如下的类:
Account.java,是bean
package model;
public class Account { private String userName; private String password;
public Account() { }
public Account(String userName, String password) { this.userName = userName; this.password = password; }
public String getUserName() { return userName; }
public void setUserName(String userName) { this.userName = userName; }
public String getPassword() { return password; }
public void setPassword(String password) { this.password = password; } }
AccountAction.java
package action;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport; import model.Account;
import java.util.logging.Logger;
public class AccountAction extends ActionSupport{
private Account accountBean; public String execute() throws Exception { return SUCCESS; }
public void validate(){ if (accountBean.getUserName().length()==0){ addFieldError("accountBean.userName","User name is required."); }
if (accountBean.getUserName().length()<5){ addFieldError("accountBean.userName","User name must be at least 5 characters long."); }
if (accountBean.getUserName().length()>10){ addFieldError("accountBean.userName","User name cannot be at more thant 10 characters long."); } }
public Account getAccountBean() { return accountBean; }
public void setAccountBean(Account accountBean) { this.accountBean = accountBean; } }
测试类:
TestAccountAction.java
package ut;
import action.AccountAction; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionProxy; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationProvider; import org.apache.struts2.StrutsTestCase;
import static org.testng.AssertJUnit.*;
public class TestAccountAction extends StrutsTestCase { private AccountAction action; private ActionProxy proxy;
private void init() { proxy = getActionProxy("/createaccount"); //action url,可以写扩展名".action"也可以干脆不写 action = (AccountAction) proxy.getAction(); }
public void testUserNameErrorMessage() throws Exception { request.setParameter("accountBean.userName", "Bruc"); request.setParameter("accountBean.password", "test");
init(); proxy.execute();
assertTrue("Problem There were no errors present in fieldErrors but there should have been one error present", action.getFieldErrors().size() == 1); assertTrue("Problem field account.userName not present in fieldErrors but it should have been", action.getFieldErrors().containsKey("accountBean.userName")); }
public void testUserNameCorrect() throws Exception{ request.setParameter("accountBean.userName", "Bruce"); request.setParameter("accountBean.password", "test");
init(); String result=proxy.execute();
assertTrue("Problem There were errors present in fieldErrors but there should not have been any errors present", action.getFieldErrors().size()==0);
assertEquals("Result returned form executing the action was not success but it should have been.", "success", result);
} }
测试逻辑比较简单,action中的validate方法会保证用户名长度在5--9之间。
定义struts.xml,放在类路径的根目录下,而非web-inf/classes下,否则会找不到,不会加载你定义的内容。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN" http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd> <struts> <package name="testit" namespace="/" extends="struts-default"> <action name="createaccount" class="action.AccountAction"> <result name="success">/index.jsp</result> <result name="input">/createaccount.jsp</result> </action> </package> </struts>
至于action/result的定义中用到的jsp页面,不必真实存在,保持不为空行,否则,action测试的时候,会说result未定义之类的错误,因为此测试会模拟action真实状态下的运行。运行,一切OK。
正因为会模拟真实状态下的运行,所以拦截器也会正常被触发,下面再定义一个拦截器测试一下:
MyInterceptor.java
package interceptor;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionInvocation; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.AbstractInterceptor;
public class MyInterceptor extends AbstractInterceptor{
public String intercept(ActionInvocation actionInvocation) throws Exception { System.out.println("before processing"); String rst= actionInvocation.invoke(); System.out.println("bye bye "+actionInvocation.getProxy().getMethod()); return rst; } }
修改一下struts.xml,加入拦截器的定义:
<package name="testit" namespace="/" extends="struts-default"> <interceptors> <interceptor name="testInterceptor" class="interceptor.MyInterceptor"/> </interceptors> <action name="createaccount" class="action.AccountAction"> <result name="success">/index.jsp</result> <result name="input">/createaccount.jsp</result> <interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"/> <interceptor-ref name="testInterceptor"/> </action> </package>
运行,控制台会输出:
before processing
bye bye execute
都是struts发行包提供的,其它不相关的jar不要加,尤其是以plugin.jar结尾的文件,更不要加struts2-spring-plugin-2.2.1.1.jar,加了会加载相关的东西,但这里却提供不了,导致测试无法运行。实际spring-beans-2.5.6.jar和spring-context-2.5.6.jar也不是必须的,但加了也无所谓,在StrutsSpringTestCase是需要的。另外,web.xml不需要配置,根本不会去这里找配置信息。
2.StrutsSpringTestCase
这个和前面的过程类似,需要的类分别如下。
MathAction.java
package action;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport; import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext; import service.MathService;
public class MathAction extends ActionSupport{ private MathService service;
public String execute() throws Exception { ServletActionContext.getRequest().setAttribute("add.result",service.add(1,2)); return SUCCESS; }
public MathService getService() { return service; }
public void setService(MathService service) { this.service = service; } }
MathService.java
package service;
public class MathService { public int add(int a,int b){ return a+b; } }
测试类TestMathAction,测试一下MathService.add是否能正确地返回两个数相加的值。
import action.MathAction; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionProxy; import org.apache.struts2.StrutsSpringTestCase;
public class TestMathAction extends StrutsSpringTestCase{ private MathAction action; private ActionProxy proxy;
protected String getContextLocations() { return "spring/applicationContext.xml"; }
private void init(){ proxy=getActionProxy("/add"); action=(MathAction)proxy.getAction(); } public void testAdd() throws Exception{ init(); proxy.execute(); assertEquals(request.getAttribute("add.result"),3); } }
这里有一个小trick,默认情况下,applicationContext.xml也要放在classpath的根目录下,但如果项目需要不放在那里,要覆盖getContextLocations方法返回其class path,开头可以有也可以没有“/”,这里我放在包spring下,所以返回spring/applicationContext.xml,至于struts和spring整合的配置不用写了,想必大家都会。需要的jar在上面的基础上,加入struts2-spring-plugin-2.2.1.1.jar行了,对了,两种测试都需要jsp-api.jar和servlet-api.jar,去tomcat里copy一份即可,junit.jar也是需要的。