C语言开发实现井字棋及电脑落子优化示例详解

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更新时间:2024-11-01

· 1535 次阅读

总体思路

项目的创建

测试结果

电脑获胜

玩家获胜

平局

各函数代码的实现

初始化二维数组

打印棋盘

玩家下棋

电脑下棋

判断电脑是否有位置可以获胜

判断玩家是否有位置获胜

判断输赢

判断和棋

声明代码

测试代码

总结

总体思路

井字棋棋盘我们总体可以当成一个二维数组来操作，我们分别需要实现初始化二维数组，打印棋盘，玩家下棋，电脑下棋，判断输赢等代码

项目的创建

我们创建了头文件用于放函数的声明，game.c文件放置函数的实现，test.c文件用于测试。

测试结果 电脑获胜

玩家获胜

平局

各函数代码的实现

我们在game.c文件中实现函数功能的代码

初始化二维数组


void InitBoard(char Board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
for (int i = 0; i < row; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < col; j++)
{
Board[i][j] = ' ';
}
}
}

打印棋盘


void DisplayBoard(char Board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
for (int i = 0; i < row; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < col; j++)
{
printf(" %c ", Board[i][j]);
if (j < col - 1)
printf("|");
}
printf("\n");
if (i < row - 1)
{
for (int j = 0; j < col; j++)
{
printf("---");
if (j < col - 1)
printf("|");
}
}
printf("\n");
}
}

这里的棋盘我们只打印了井字的形状，如果为了美观，还可以进行封边，这里就留给朋友们自行实现啦。

玩家下棋


void PlayMove(char Board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
while (1)
{
int x = 0, y = 0;
printf("请输入坐标：\n");
scanf("%d%d", &x, &y);
if (x >= 1 && x <= row && y >= 1 && y <= col)
{
if (Board[x - 1][y - 1] == ' ')
{
Board[x - 1][y - 1] = '#';
break;
}
else
printf("该位置已被占，请重新输入：\n");
}
else
{
printf("输入错误，请重新输入：\n");
}
}
}

电脑下棋

在电脑落子之前，先检测有没有下一步可以直接赢的，若有，则落子在此处，电脑获胜，若没有，再检测玩家下一步是否有机会获胜，若玩家下一步可以直接获胜，那么电脑将抢占这一步。

如果上述两种情况均不存在，当发现(1，1)位置是空时，电脑先下这一步。

其他情况均随意落子。


void ComputerMove(char Board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
int x = 0, y = 0;
while (1)
{
if (JudgeComputer(Board, ROW, COL))
{
for (int i = 0; i < row; i++)
{
if (Board[i][0] == Board[i][1] && Board[i][0] == '*' && Board[i][2] == ' ')
{
Board[i][2] = '*';
return;
}
else if (Board[i][0] == Board[i][2] && Board[i][0] == '*' && Board[i][1] == ' ')
{
Board[i][1] = '*';
return;
}
else if (Board[i][1] == Board[i][2] && Board[i][1] == '*' && Board[i][0] == ' ')
{
Board[i][0] = '*';
return;
}
}
for (int j = 0; j < col; j++)
{
if (Board[0][j] == Board[1][j] && Board[0][j] == '*' && Board[2][j] == ' ')
{
Board[2][j] = '*';
return;
}
else if (Board[0][j] == Board[2][j] && Board[0][j] == '*' && Board[1][j] == ' ')
{
Board[1][j] = '*';
return;
}
else if (Board[1][j] == Board[2][j] && Board[1][j] == '*' && Board[0][j] == ' ')
{
Board[0][j] = '*';
return;
}
}
if (Board[0][0] == Board[1][1] && Board[0][0] == '*' && Board[2][2] == ' ')
{
Board[2][2] = '*';
return;
}
else if (Board[0][0] == Board[2][2] && Board[0][0] == '*' && Board[1][1] == ' ')
{
Board[1][1] = '*';
return;
}
else if (Board[1][1] == Board[2][2] && Board[1][1] == '*' && Board[0][0] == ' ')
{
Board[0][0] = '*';
return;
}
else if (Board[0][2] == Board[1][1] && Board[0][2] == '*' && Board[2][0] == ' ')
{
Board[2][0] = '*';
return;
}
else if (Board[0][2] == Board[2][0] && Board[0][2] == '*' && Board[1][1] == ' ')
{
Board[1][1] = '*';
return;
}
else if (Board[2][0] == Board[1][1] && Board[2][0] == '*' && Board[0][2] == ' ')
{
Board[0][2] = '*';
return;
}
}
else if (JudgePlayer(Board, ROW, COL))
{
for (int i = 0; i < row; i++)
{
if (Board[i][0] == Board[i][1] && Board[i][0] == '#' && Board[i][2] == ' ')
{
Board[i][2] = '*';
return;
}
else if (Board[i][0] == Board[i][2] && Board[i][0] == '#' && Board[i][1] == ' ')
{
Board[i][1] = '*';
return;
}
else if (Board[i][1] == Board[i][2] && Board[i][1] == '#' && Board[i][0] == ' ')
{
Board[i][0] = '*';
return;
}
}
for (int j = 0; j < col; j++)
{
if (Board[0][j] == Board[1][j] && Board[0][j] == '#' && Board[2][j] == ' ')
{
Board[2][j] = '*';
return;
}
else if (Board[0][j] == Board[2][j] && Board[0][j] == '#' && Board[1][j] == ' ')
{
Board[1][j] = '*';
return;
}
else if (Board[1][j] == Board[2][j] && Board[1][j] == '#' && Board[0][j] == ' ')
{
Board[0][j] = '*';
return;
}
}
if (Board[0][0] == Board[1][1] && Board[0][0] == '#' && Board[2][2] == ' ')
{
Board[2][2] = '*';
return;
}
else if (Board[0][0] == Board[2][2] && Board[0][0] == '#' && Board[1][1] == ' ')
{
Board[1][1] = '*';
return;
}
else if (Board[1][1] == Board[2][2] && Board[1][1] == '#' && Board[0][0] == ' ')
{
Board[0][0] = '*';
return;
}
else if (Board[0][2] == Board[1][1] && Board[0][2] == '#' && Board[2][0] == ' ')
{
Board[2][0] = '*';
return;
}
else if (Board[0][2] == Board[2][0] && Board[0][2] == '#' && Board[1][1] == ' ')
{
Board[1][1] = '*';
return;
}
else if (Board[2][0] == Board[1][1] && Board[2][0] == '#' && Board[0][2] == ' ')
{
Board[0][2] = '*';
return;
}
}
else
{
if (Board[1][1] == ' ')
{
Board[1][1] = '*';
return;
}
else
{
x = rand() % row;
y = rand() % col;
if (Board[x][y] == ' ')
{
Board[x][y] = '*';
break;
}
}
}
}
}

判断电脑是否有位置可以获胜


static int JudgeComputer(char Board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
for (int i = 0; i < row; i++)
{
if (Board[i][0] == Board[i][1] && Board[i][0] == '*' && Board[i][2] == ' ')
return 1;
else if (Board[i][0] == Board[i][2] && Board[i][0] == '*' && Board[i][1] == ' ')
return 1;
else if (Board[i][1] == Board[i][2] && Board[i][1] == '*' && Board[i][0] == ' ')
return 1;
}
for (int j = 0; j < col; j++)
{
if (Board[0][j] == Board[1][j] && Board[0][j] == '*' && Board[2][j] == ' ')
return 1;
else if (Board[0][j] == Board[2][j] && Board[0][j] == '*' && Board[1][j] == ' ')
return 1;
else if (Board[1][j] == Board[2][j] && Board[1][j] == '*' && Board[0][j] == ' ')
return 1;
}
if (Board[0][0] == Board[1][1] && Board[0][0] == '*' && Board[2][2] == ' ')
return 1;
else if (Board[0][0] == Board[2][2] && Board[0][0] == '*' && Board[1][1] == ' ')
return 1;
else if (Board[1][1] == Board[2][2] && Board[1][1] == '*' && Board[0][0] == ' ')
return 1;
else if (Board[0][2] == Board[1][1] && Board[0][2] == '*' && Board[2][0] == ' ')
return 1;
else if (Board[0][2] == Board[2][0] && Board[0][2] == '*' && Board[1][1] == ' ')
return 1;
else if (Board[2][0] == Board[1][1] && Board[2][0] == '*' && Board[0][2] == ' ')
return 1;
else
return 0;
}

判断玩家是否有位置获胜


static int JudgePlayer(char Board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
for (int i = 0; i < row; i++)
{
if (Board[i][0] == Board[i][1] && Board[i][0] == '#' && Board[i][2] == ' ')
return 1;
else if (Board[i][0] == Board[i][2] && Board[i][0] == '#' && Board[i][1] == ' ')
return 1;
else if (Board[i][1] == Board[i][2] && Board[i][1] == '#' && Board[i][0] == ' ')
return 1;
}
for (int j = 0; j < col; j++)
{
if (Board[0][j] == Board[1][j] && Board[0][j] == '#' && Board[2][j] == ' ')
return 1;
else if (Board[0][j] == Board[2][j] && Board[0][j] == '#' && Board[1][j] == ' ')
return 1;
else if (Board[1][j] == Board[2][j] && Board[1][j] == '#' && Board[0][j] == ' ')
return 1;
}
if (Board[0][0] == Board[1][1] && Board[0][0] == '#' && Board[2][2] == ' ')
return 1;
else if (Board[0][0] == Board[2][2] && Board[0][0] == '#' && Board[1][1] == ' ')
return 1;
else if (Board[1][1] == Board[2][2] && Board[1][1] == '#' && Board[0][0] == ' ')
return 1;
else if (Board[0][2] == Board[1][1] && Board[0][2] == '#' && Board[2][0] == ' ')
return 1;
else if (Board[0][2] == Board[2][0] && Board[0][2] == '#' && Board[1][1] == ' ')
return 1;
else if (Board[2][0] == Board[1][1] && Board[2][0] == '#' && Board[0][2] == ' ')
return 1;
else
return 0;
}

判断输赢


char IsWin(char Board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
for (int i = 0; i < row; i++)
{
if (Board[i][0] == Board[i][1] && Board[i][2] == Board[i][1] && Board[i][1] != ' ')
{
return Board[i][0];
}
}
for (int j = 0; j < col; j++)
{
if (Board[0][j] == Board[1][j] && Board[1][j] == Board[2][j] && Board[j][1] !=  ' ')
{
return Board[0][j];
}
}
if (Board[0][0] == Board[1][1] && Board[2][2] == Board[1][1] && Board[2][2] != ' ')
return Board[0][0];
if (Board[0][2] == Board[1][1] && Board[2][0] == Board[1][1] && Board[1][1] != ' ')
return Board[1][1];
if (IsFull(Board, ROW, COL))
{
return 'o';
}
return 'C';
}

判断和棋


static int IsFull(char Board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
for (int i = 0; i < row; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < col; j++)
{
if (Board[i][j] == ' ')
return 0;
}
}
return 1;
}

声明代码

我们在game.h头文件中进行函数的声明。


void meun();
#define ROW 3
#define COL 3
//游戏主函数
void game();
//初始化二维数组
void InitBoard(char Board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
//打印棋盘
void DisplayBoard(char Board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
//玩家下棋
void PlayMove(char Board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
//电脑下棋
void ComputerMove(char Board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
//判断赢否
char IsWin(char Board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
//判断棋盘满了吗
//int IsFull(char Board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
//判断电脑下一部是否可以直接赢
//int JudgeComputer(char Board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
//判断玩家下一步是否会赢
//int JudgePlayer(char Board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);

测试代码

我们在test.c文件中测试该游戏。


#include "game.h"
void game()
{
char ret = 0;
char Board[ROW][COL] = { 0 };
//初始化数组
InitBoard(Board, ROW, COL);
//打印棋盘
printf("棋盘如下：\n");
DisplayBoard(Board, ROW, COL);
while (1)
{
//玩家下棋
printf("玩家落子：\n");
PlayMove(Board, ROW, COL);
//每下一步打印一次棋盘
DisplayBoard(Board, ROW, COL);
//每下一步判断一次胜负
ret = IsWin(Board, ROW, COL);
if (ret != 'C')
{
break;
}
//电脑下棋
printf("电脑落子：\n");
ComputerMove(Board, ROW, COL);
//每下一步打印一次棋盘
DisplayBoard(Board, ROW, COL);
ret = IsWin(Board, ROW, COL);
if (ret != 'C')
{
break;
}
}
if (ret == '#')
printf("玩家获胜\n");
else if (ret == '*')
printf("电脑获胜\n");
else if (ret == 'o')
printf("卧龙凤雏\n");
}
void test()
{
int input = 0;
srand((size_t)time(NULL));
do
{
meun();
printf("请选择:>");
scanf("%d", &input);
switch (input)
{
case 1:
game();
break;
case 0:
printf("游戏结束\n");
break;
default:
printf("输入错误，请重新输入：\n");
break;
}
} while (input);
}
int main()
{
test();
return 0;
}

总结

此次代码的实现总体来说虽然能够实现井字棋功能，但是不得不承认代码确实不够精简，还有我们可以思考是否可以使电脑更加聪明，落子的每一步都有自己的‘想法'，这里也是博主需要不断思考的问题，博主也要不断的学习看能否实现该功能，如果朋友们有好的想法，欢迎与我进行交流，不胜感激,希望大家以后多多支持软件开发网！

c语言开发井字棋示例优化 C语言电脑

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