Android 使用AIDL进行两个APP之间通讯以及相互消息回调(一)

Nafisa ·
更新时间:2024-11-13
· 999 次阅读

前言:

AIDL:Android Interface Definition Language,翻译过来就是Android接口定义语言。是用于定义服务器和客户端通信接口的一种描述语言,可以拿来生成用于IPC的代码。所以使用AIDL需要一个服务端和客户端
作用:可以在一个进程中获取另一个进程的数据和调用其暴露出来的方法,从而满足进程间通信的需求。

1.AIDL支持的基本数据类型 八种基本数据类型:byte、char、short、int、long、float、double、boolean String,CharSequence 实现了Parcelable接口的数据类型 List 类型。List承载的数据必须是AIDL支持的类型,或者是其它声明的AIDL对象 Map类型。Map承载的数据必须是AIDL支持的类型,或者是其它声明的AIDL对象 2.服务端的实现    创建工程,以及所需aidl文件 使用Android Studio新建一个工程,命名为TestAidlDemo1 右键New一个AIDL文件,取名为IAidlInterface,AS会自动在工程目录生成一个路径完全一样的aidl文件夹 既然是要回调消息,那就还需要一个回调接口,同样的方法,创建IAidlCallBack.aidl文件,那么接下来就进行代码编写 实现代码逻辑 编写IAidlInterface.aldi代码,因为我们需要回调消息,那么我们需要注册回调以及注销回调接口,一个发送消息的接口,一个获取历史消息的接口,代码如下(AIDL文件不会自动导包,一些不是基本支持数据类型需要我们自己手动import,) import com.pgc.testaidldemo1.IAidlCallBack; interface IAidlInterface { /** * Demonstrates some basic types that you can use as parameters * and return values in AIDL. */ void registerCallBack(IAidlCallBack iAidlCallBack); void unregisterCallBack(IAidlCallBack iAidlCallBack); void sendMessage(String message); List getMessages(); }

编写IAidlCallBack.aidl代码:既然是回调接口,那么我们只需要一个消息发送成功的回调接口就行,代码如下

interface IAidlCallBack { /** * Demonstrates some basic types that you can use as parameters * and return values in AIDL. */ void onMessageSuccess(String message); }

既然是服务端,我们需要实现接收消息已经处理消息的逻辑代码,所以我们创建一个AidlService,继承Service,因为Service不能直接接收Callback,但是提供了RemoteCallbackList来注册回调

private RemoteCallbackList callbackList= new RemoteCallbackList();

同时RemoteCallbackList提供了beginBroadcast来获取当前注册的回调数,因此我们可以通过这个方法进行回调处理(再使用了beginBroadcast之后必须调用finishBroadcast不然会报beginBroadcast() called while already in a broadcast错误)

final int num=callbackList.beginBroadcast(); for (int i=0;i<num;i++){ IAidlCallBack iAidlCallBack=callbackList.getBroadcastItem(i); iAidlCallBack.onMessageSuccess(message); } callbackList.finishBroadcast();

 接下来实例化binder对象并返回给客户端,

@Override public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) { return binder; } private final IAidlInterface.Stub binder=new IAidlInterface.Stub() { @Override public void registerCallBack(IAidlCallBack iAidlCallBack) throws RemoteException { callbackList.register(iAidlCallBack); } @Override public void unregisterCallBack(IAidlCallBack iAidlCallBack) throws RemoteException { callbackList.unregister(iAidlCallBack); } @Override public void sendMessage(String message) throws RemoteException { messages.add(message); final int num=callbackList.beginBroadcast(); for (int i=0;i<num;i++){ IAidlCallBack iAidlCallBack=callbackList.getBroadcastItem(i); iAidlCallBack.onMessageSuccess(message); } callbackList.finishBroadcast(); } @Override public List getMessages() throws RemoteException { return messages; } };

  

在AndroidManifest.xml注册Service

AidlService全部代码

package com.pgc.testaidldemo1; import android.annotation.SuppressLint; import android.app.Service; import android.content.Intent; import android.os.IBinder; import android.os.RemoteCallbackList; import android.os.RemoteException; import androidx.annotation.Nullable; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; /** * Created by PengGuiChu on 2020/4/11. */ @SuppressLint("Registered") public class AidlService extends Service { private RemoteCallbackList callbackList= new RemoteCallbackList(); private List messages=new ArrayList(); @Nullable @Override public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) { return binder; } private final IAidlInterface.Stub binder=new IAidlInterface.Stub() { @Override public void registerCallBack(IAidlCallBack iAidlCallBack) throws RemoteException { callbackList.register(iAidlCallBack); } @Override public void unregisterCallBack(IAidlCallBack iAidlCallBack) throws RemoteException { callbackList.unregister(iAidlCallBack); } @Override public void sendMessage(String message) throws RemoteException { messages.add(message); final int num=callbackList.beginBroadcast(); for (int i=0;i<num;i++){ IAidlCallBack iAidlCallBack=callbackList.getBroadcastItem(i); iAidlCallBack.onMessageSuccess(message); } callbackList.finishBroadcast(); } @Override public List getMessages() throws RemoteException { return messages; } }; @Override public void onCreate() { super.onCreate(); } }

因为是服务端和客户端实现相互消息回调,因此在服务端也需要通过binderService来获取binder,相对客户端,因为服务端和AidlService是在同一线程,我们可以直接binderService

Intent intent=new Intent(getApplicationContext(),AidlService.class); bindService(intent,serviceConnection,BIND_AUTO_CREATE);

然后实例化ServiceConnection

private ServiceConnection serviceConnection=new ServiceConnection() { @Override public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName componentName, IBinder iBinder) { } @Override public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName componentName) { } };

然后在onServiceConnected中获取binder

iAidlInterface=IAidlInterface.Stub.asInterface(iBinder); try { iAidlInterface.asBinder().linkToDeath(mDeathRecipient, 0);//监听进程是否消失 iAidlInterface.registerCallBack(iAidlCallBack);//注册消息回调 messages.addAll(iAidlInterface.getMessages());//获取历史消息 listView.setAdapter(arrayAdapter=new ArrayAdapter (getApplicationContext(),android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1,messages)); } catch (RemoteException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }

DeathRecipient实例

private IBinder.DeathRecipient mDeathRecipient = new IBinder.DeathRecipient() { //当承载IBinder的进程消失时接收回调的接口 @Override public void binderDied() { if (null == iAidlInterface) { return; } try { iAidlInterface.unregisterCallBack(iAidlCallBack);//注销 } catch (RemoteException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } iAidlInterface.asBinder().unlinkToDeath(mDeathRecipient, 0); iAidlInterface = null; } };

iAidlCallBack实例

private IAidlCallBack iAidlCallBack=new IAidlCallBack.Stub() { @Override public void onMessageSuccess(String message) { if (messages!=null&&arrayAdapter!=null){ messages.add(message); handler.sendEmptyMessage(1); } } };

 MainActivity全部代码

package com.pgc.testaidldemo1; import android.annotation.SuppressLint; import android.content.ComponentName; import android.content.Intent; import android.content.ServiceConnection; import android.os.Bundle; import android.os.Handler; import android.os.IBinder; import android.os.Message; import android.os.RemoteException; import android.view.View; import android.widget.ArrayAdapter; import android.widget.ListView; import androidx.annotation.NonNull; import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import butterknife.BindView; import butterknife.ButterKnife; import butterknife.OnClick; public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { @BindView(R.id.list_view) ListView listView; private IAidlInterface iAidlInterface; private int num; private List messages=new ArrayList(); private ArrayAdapter arrayAdapter; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); ButterKnife.bind(this); Intent intent=new Intent(getApplicationContext(),AidlService.class); bindService(intent,serviceConnection,BIND_AUTO_CREATE); } @OnClick(R.id.send_message) public void onViewClicked(View view) { if (iAidlInterface!=null){ try { iAidlInterface.sendMessage("消息"+num); num++; } catch (RemoteException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } private ServiceConnection serviceConnection=new ServiceConnection() { @Override public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName componentName, IBinder iBinder) { iAidlInterface=IAidlInterface.Stub.asInterface(iBinder); try { iAidlInterface.asBinder().linkToDeath(mDeathRecipient, 0);//监听进程是否消失 iAidlInterface.registerCallBack(iAidlCallBack);//注册消息回调 messages.addAll(iAidlInterface.getMessages());//获取历史消息 listView.setAdapter(arrayAdapter=new ArrayAdapter(getApplicationContext(),android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1,messages)); } catch (RemoteException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } @Override public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName componentName) { } }; private IBinder.DeathRecipient mDeathRecipient = new IBinder.DeathRecipient() { //当承载IBinder的进程消失时接收回调的接口 @Override public void binderDied() { if (null == iAidlInterface) { return; } try { iAidlInterface.unregisterCallBack(iAidlCallBack);//注销 } catch (RemoteException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } iAidlInterface.asBinder().unlinkToDeath(mDeathRecipient, 0); iAidlInterface = null; } }; private IAidlCallBack iAidlCallBack=new IAidlCallBack.Stub() { @Override public void onMessageSuccess(String message) { if (messages!=null&&arrayAdapter!=null){ messages.add(message); handler.sendEmptyMessage(1); } } }; @SuppressLint("HandlerLeak") private Handler handler=new Handler(){ @Override public void handleMessage(@NonNull Message msg) { arrayAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged(); } }; @Override protected void onDestroy() { //解除注册 if (null != iAidlInterface && iAidlInterface.asBinder().isBinderAlive()) { try { iAidlInterface.unregisterCallBack(iAidlCallBack); } catch (RemoteException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } //解除绑定服务 unbindService(serviceConnection); super.onDestroy(); } }

到此我们的服务端就编码完成,实现效果

3.客户端实现    创建client工程      选中TestAidlDemo1工程右键NEW一个model,命名为client 要想client项目能够连接上Service,我们直接复制上面工程的aidl文件到client工程的main文件里,这样是为了保证两个项目的aidl文件路径一致

       

而调用逻辑基本和上面MainActivity一样,需要注意一点的是,因为是两个不同进程,在这里我们不能直接bindService来调起服务端,而是通过以下代码实现 Intent intent=new Intent(); String ACTION = "AIDL.service";//对应服务端AndroidManifest.xml配置service action:name intent.setAction(ACTION); intent.setPackage("com.pgc.testaidldemo1");//对应服务端AndroidManifest.xml package bindService(intent,serviceConnection,BIND_AUTO_CREATE);

client的MainActivity全部代码

package com.pgc.client; import android.annotation.SuppressLint; import android.content.ComponentName; import android.content.Intent; import android.content.ServiceConnection; import android.os.Bundle; import android.os.Handler; import android.os.IBinder; import android.os.Message; import android.os.RemoteException; import android.view.View; import android.widget.ArrayAdapter; import android.widget.ListView; import androidx.annotation.NonNull; import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity; import com.pgc.testaidldemo1.IAidlCallBack; import com.pgc.testaidldemo1.IAidlInterface; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import butterknife.BindView; import butterknife.ButterKnife; import butterknife.OnClick; public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { @BindView(R.id.list_view) ListView listView; private IAidlInterface iAidlInterface; private int num; private List messages=new ArrayList(); private ArrayAdapter arrayAdapter; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); ButterKnife.bind(this); Intent intent=new Intent(); String ACTION = "AIDL.service"; intent.setAction(ACTION); intent.setPackage("com.pgc.testaidldemo1"); bindService(intent,serviceConnection,BIND_AUTO_CREATE); } @OnClick(R.id.send_message) public void onViewClicked(View view) { if (iAidlInterface!=null){ try { iAidlInterface.sendMessage("消息"+num); num++; } catch (RemoteException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } private ServiceConnection serviceConnection=new ServiceConnection() { @Override public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName componentName, IBinder iBinder) { iAidlInterface=IAidlInterface.Stub.asInterface(iBinder); try { iAidlInterface.asBinder().linkToDeath(mDeathRecipient, 0); iAidlInterface.registerCallBack(iAidlCallBack); messages.addAll(iAidlInterface.getMessages()); listView.setAdapter(arrayAdapter=new ArrayAdapter(getApplicationContext(),android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1,messages)); } catch (RemoteException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } @Override public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName componentName) { } }; private IBinder.DeathRecipient mDeathRecipient = new IBinder.DeathRecipient() { //当承载IBinder的进程消失时接收回调的接口 @Override public void binderDied() { if (null == iAidlInterface) { return; } iAidlInterface.asBinder().unlinkToDeath(mDeathRecipient, 0); iAidlInterface = null; //断线重来逻辑 } }; private IAidlCallBack iAidlCallBack=new IAidlCallBack.Stub() { @Override public void onMessageSuccess(String message) { if (messages!=null&&arrayAdapter!=null){ messages.add(message); handler.sendEmptyMessage(1); } } }; @SuppressLint("HandlerLeak") private Handler handler=new Handler(){ @Override public void handleMessage(@NonNull Message msg) { arrayAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged(); } }; @Override protected void onDestroy() { //解除注册 if (null != iAidlInterface && iAidlInterface.asBinder().isBinderAlive()) { try { iAidlInterface.unregisterCallBack(iAidlCallBack); } catch (RemoteException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } //解除绑定服务 unbindService(serviceConnection); super.onDestroy(); } }

运行效果

源码下载地址

https://github.com/pengkongkong/TestAidlDemo1
作者:养猫误码



回调 aidl app Android

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